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A Phase I Trial of TNFerade Biologic in Patients with Soft Tissue Sarcoma in the Extremities

¹ University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; ² University of Illinois Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; ³ US Oncology, Dallas, Texas; ⁴ Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; ⁵ University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky; ⁶ GenVec, Gaithersburg, Maryland; and ⁷ Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts

Purpose: TNFerade is a second-generation replication-deficient adenovector carrying a transgene encoding human tumor necrosis factor under control of a radiation- induced promoter. The objective of this study was to assess the tolerance of combining TNFerade and radiation therapy in patients with soft tissue sarcomas of the extremity.

Experimental Design: TNFerade was administered in combination with single-daily fractionated radiation therapy in 14 patients with soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities. Three escalating dose levels of TNFerade (4 x 10⁹ –4 x 10¹¹ particle units) were planned, given in 1 log increments by intratumoral injections, twice weekly during week 1 and once weekly during weeks 2–5 of radiation therapy.

Results: TNFerade was well tolerated with no dose-limiting toxicities noted. Grade 1–2 chills (50.0%), fever (43.0%), fatigue (36.0%), and flu-like symptoms (21.0%) were the most common side effects. Serum-tumor necrosis factor levels were low in all of the patients (<15 pg/mL). No patients had virus-detected blood, sputum, or urine cultures. Of the 13 evaluable patients, 11 received TNFerade preoperatively, and 2 received the treatment for palliation. Eleven patients (85%) showed objective or pathological tumor responses (2 complete and 9 partial), and 1 had stable disease. Partial responses were achieved despite some of these tumors being very large (up to 675 cm²). Of the 11 patients who underwent surgery, 10 (91%) showed a pathological complete response/partial response.

Conclusion: TNFerade + radiation therapy was well tolerated in the treatment of patients with soft-tissue sarcoma of the extremity. The high number of objective responses observed warrants additional studies of this approach in a larger controlled prospective trial.

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