This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Supplementary Data Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Bianchi, F. Articles by Pastorino, U. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Bianchi, F. Articles by Pastorino, U.

Lung Cancers Detected by Screening with Spiral Computed Tomography Have a Malignant Phenotype when Analyzed by cDNA Microarray

¹ Cancer Research UK Tumor Pathology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; ² Istituto Federazione Italiana Ricerca Cancro di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy; ³ Department of Experimental Oncology, and ⁴ Department of Pathology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy; ⁵ Department of Thoracic Surgery, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; and ⁶ National Translational Cancer Research Network Coordinating Centre, Radcliffe Infirmary. Oxford, United Kingdom

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Spiral computed tomography (CT) can detect lung cancer at an early stage, but the malignant potential is unknown. The question is, as follows: do these small lesions have the same lethal potential as do symptomatic tumors?

Experimental Design: We used a cDNA microarray platform and compared the gene expression profile of spiral CT-detected lung carcinomas with a matched case-control population of patients presenting with symptomatic lung cancer.

Results: CT-detected and symptomatic tumors have shown a comparable gene expression profile. Correspondence analysis has demonstrated that nine genes were differentially expressed, although with a high variability across the samples that prevented distinguishing the two groups of tumors. Analysis of these nine genes has suggested that early-detected tumors have higher levels of retinoic acid production and higher expression levels of caveolin 2, matrix Gla, and cystatin A, which are already known to be lost during tumor progression.

Conclusions: All of the tumors observed are histologically malignant according to the WHO Classification. Early lung cancers that are detected by screening have a gene expression pattern similar to, but not identical to, that of symptomatic lung carcinomas.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				J M Reich A critical appraisal of overdiagnosis: estimates of its magnitude and implications for lung cancer screening Thorax, April 1, 2008; 63(4): 377 - 383. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Liu, H. Zhang, L. Zhu, L. Zhao, and Y. Dong Kruppel-Like Factor 4 Is a Novel Mediator of Selenium in Growth Inhibition Mol. Cancer Res., February 1, 2008; 6(2): 306 - 313. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Paleari, P. Granone, A. Grozio, A. Cesario, and P. Russo Commentary: Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer: Where Do We Stand? Oncologist, December 1, 2007; 12(12): 1433 - 1436. [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Yao, S. Nowak, A. Yochelis, A. Garfinkel, and K. I. Bostrom Matrix GLA Protein, an Inhibitory Morphogen in Pulmonary Vascular Development J. Biol. Chem., October 12, 2007; 282(41): 30131 - 30142. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. M. Lippman and J. V. Heymach The Convergent Development of Molecular-Targeted Drugs for Cancer Treatment and Prevention Clin. Cancer Res., July 15, 2007; 13(14): 4035 - 4041. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Yao, A. F. Zebboudj, E. Shao, M. Perez, and K. Bostrom Regulation of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4 by Matrix GLA Protein in Vascular Endothelial Cells Involves Activin-like Kinase Receptor 1 J. Biol. Chem., November 10, 2006; 281(45): 33921 - 33930. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Kanai, D. Wei, Q. Li, Z. Jia, J. Ajani, X. Le, J. Yao, and K. Xie Loss of kruppel-like factor 4 expression contributes to sp1 overexpression and human gastric cancer development and progression. Clin. Cancer Res., November 1, 2006; 12(21): 6395 - 6402. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. K. Ganti and J. L. Mulshine Lung cancer screening. Oncologist, May 1, 2006; 11(5): 481 - 487. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. J. Pajares, I. Zudaire, M. D. Lozano, J. Agorreta, G. Bastarrika, W. Torre, A. Remirez, R. Pio, J. J. Zulueta, and L. M. Montuenga Molecular profiling of computed tomography screen-detected lung nodules shows multiple malignant features. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., February 1, 2006; 15(2): 373 - 380. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. L. Mulshine and D. C. Sullivan Lung Cancer Screening N. Engl. J. Med., June 30, 2005; 352(26): 2714 - 2720. [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. L. Mulshine New Developments in Lung Cancer Screening J. Clin. Oncol., May 10, 2005; 23(14): 3198 - 3202. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. L. Mulshine and J. N. Weinstein Is the Gene Expression Pattern of Lung Cancer Detected by Screening With Spiral Computed Tomography Different from That of Symptom-Detected Lung Cancer? Clin. Cancer Res., September 15, 2004; 10(18): 5973 - 5974. [Full Text] [PDF]