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Experimental Therapeutics, Preclinical Pharmacology |
1 Departments of Radiation Oncology and 2 Pathology, University of Michigan, and 3 Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ann Arbor Laboratories, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Purpose: Overexpression of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases has been associated with uncontrolled growth of many tumor types and, therefore, presents a promising molecular target for cancer therapy. CI-1033 is a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that differs from other 4-anilinoquinazolines by being a pan ErbB (instead of epidermal growth factor receptor-specific) irreversible (instead of reversible) inhibitor. Therefore, we investigated the antitumor effect of CI-1033 alone and in combination with ionizing radiation in vitro and in vivo.
Experimental Design: We selected three human colon carcinoma cell-lines (LoVo, Caco-2, which express activated epidermal growth factor receptor and ErbB-2 family members, and SW620, which does not), and analyzed the effects of CI-1033 both in vitro and in vivo. For in vivo studies LoVo and Caco-2 cells were implanted s.c. in the flank of nude mice. After the tumor reached 
100 mm3, treatment was initiated with 20 mg/kg of CI-1033 (orally once daily x 5 for 3 successive weeks), radiation treatment (a total of 30 Gy given in 2 Gy once daily x 5 for 3 successive weeks), or a combination of both CI-1033 and radiation treatment.
Results: We found that exposure of LoVo and Caco-2, but not SW620 cells, to CI-1033 in the range of 1–3 µM could inhibit constitutive signaling by tyrosine kinases, arrest cell growth, inhibit cells in G1, stimulate expression of p53, and induce apoptosis. The inhibition of cell growth by CI-1033 seemed to produce only minimal radiosensitization in LoVo and Caco-2 cells. In contrast, the combination of CI-1033 and radiation produced significant (P < 0.0005 and P = 0.0002, respectively) and prolonged suppression of tumor growth in both the tumor types when compared with either treatment alone.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that CI-1033 can increase the effectiveness of radiation therapy. The extent of suppression of tyrosine kinase activity by CI-1033, rather than the amount of activity in untreated cells, seemed to be more closely associated with the efficacy of combination treatment.
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