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Generation of Kidney Cancer-Specific Antitumor Immune Responses Using Peripheral Blood Monocytes Transduced With a Recombinant Adenovirus Encoding Carbonic Anhydrase 9

Departments of¹ Urology and ² Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California

Purpose: Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) is the most promising molecular marker described for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to date. We investigated whether transduction of monocytes from peripheral blood with adenovirus encoding the CA9 gene (AdV-CA9) could stimulate a T-cell mediated immune response against cancer cells expressing CA9. The ability to consistently generate a T-cell response is an important step toward the development of a CA9-specific RCC vaccine.

Experimental Design: AdV-CA9 was generated using the AdEasy system. AdV-CA9-transduced peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived monocytes were used to raise CTLs from autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). The ability of CTLs to lyse targets expressing CA9 was assessed by ⁵¹Cr-release.

Results: Monocytes were efficiently transduced with AdV-CA9. In five of six experiments, AdV-CA9-transduced monocytes were able to induce a population of CTLs from bulk PBLs. CTLs were capable of lysing autologous, but not allogeneic monocytes expressing CA9. Furthermore, CTLs were able to lyse autologous RCC tumor cells expressing CA9. The ability of CTLs to lyse relevant targets was blocked by anti-CD3, anti-CD8, and anti-MHC class I antibodies demonstrating a MHC class I restricted response.

Conclusions: These results suggest that PBMC-derived monocytes transduced with AdV-CA9 can generate RCC-specific MHC class I restricted CTLs capable of lysing CA9-expressing cancer cells. Transduction of PBMC-derived monocytes with adenovirus provides a simple and effective alternative to the use of dendritic cells for the induction of antigen-specific CTL.

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