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Interleukin 1ß Enhances Invasive Ability of Gastric Carcinoma through Nuclear Factor-B Activation

Departments of ¹ Cancer Therapy and Research, ² Anatomic Pathology, and ³ Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Purpose: We examined the role of interleukin (IL)-1ß in activation of nuclear factor B (NF-B) and the biological function of activated NF-B in gastric carcinoma cells.

Experimental Design: Human gastric carcinoma cell line GCTM-1 was used to examine NF-B activation by immunostaining and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression, which plays an important role in tumor invasion, was assessed by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR, Western blotting, and immunostaining. The invasive ability of GCTM-1 cells was measured by Matrigel invasion assay. In vivo expression of IL-1ß and MMP-9 and activation of NF-B in 10 surgically resected gastric carcinoma specimens were examined immunohistochemically.

Results: IL-1ß enhanced NF-B activation, MMP-9 expression, and the invasive ability of GCTM-1. A NF-B inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, suppressed both MMP-9 expression and invasiveness of IL-1ß-treated GCTM-1 cells. IL-1ß did not increase the invasive ability of GCTM-1 cells transfected with MMP-9 antisense oligonucleotide. Concomitant expression of IL-1ß and nuclear NF-B was observed in 3 of 10 gastric carcinoma specimens. Cells producing IL-1ß were tumor-infiltrating macrophages in two specimens and gastric carcinoma cells in one specimen.

Conclusions: One of the molecules that may play a role in NF-B activation in some gastric carcinomas is IL-1ß. The present results suggest that IL-1ß increases the invasive ability of carcinoma cells through activation of NF-B and the resulting MMP-9 expression.

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