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High-Dose Radioimmunotherapy Combined with Fixed, Low-Dose Paclitaxel in Metastatic Prostate and Breast Cancer by Using a MUC-1 Monoclonal Antibody, m170, Linked to Indium-111/Yttrium-90 via a Cathepsin Cleavable Linker with Cyclosporine to Prevent Human Anti-mouse Antibody

Authors' Affiliations: ¹ University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California; ² University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama; and ³ University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California

Requests for reprints: Carol M. Richman, University of California-Davis, 4501 X Street, Suite 3016, Sacramento, CA 95817. Phone: 916-734-3771; Fax: 916-734-7946; E-mail: carol.richman{at}ucdmc.ucdavis.edu.

Purpose: Although radioimmunotherapy alone is effective in lymphoma, its application to solid tumors will likely require a combined modality approach. In these phase I studies, paclitaxel was combined with radioimmunotherapy in patients with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer or advanced breast cancer.

Experimental Design: Patients were imaged with indium-111 (¹¹¹In)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid-peptide-m170. One week later, yttrium-90 (⁹⁰Y)-m170 was infused (12 mCi/m² for prostate cancer and 22 mCi/m² for breast cancer). Initial cohorts received radioimmunotherapy alone. Subsequent cohorts received radioimmunotherapy followed 48 hours later by paclitaxel (75 mg/m²). Cyclosporine was given to prevent development of human anti-mouse antibody.

Results: Bone and soft tissue metastases were targeted by ¹¹¹In-m170 in 15 of the 16 patients imaged. Three prostate cancer patients treated with radioimmunotherapy alone had no grade 3 or 4 toxicity. With radioimmunotherapy and paclitaxel, two of three prostate cancer patients developed transient grade 4 neutropenia. Four breast cancer patients treated with radioimmunotherapy alone had grade 3 or 4 myelosuppression. With radioimmunotherapy and paclitaxel, both breast cancer patients developed grade 4 neutropenia. Three breast cancer patients required infusion of previously harvested peripheral blood stem cells because of neutropenic fever or bleeding. One patient in this trial developed human anti-mouse antibody in contrast to 12 of 17 patients in a prior trial using m170-radioimmunotherapy without cyclosporine.

Conclusions: ¹¹¹In/⁹⁰Y-m170 targets prostate and breast cancer and can be combined with paclitaxel with toxicity limited to marrow suppression at the dose levels above. The maximum tolerated dose of radioimmunotherapy and fixed-dose paclitaxel with peripheral blood stem cell support has not been reached. Cyclosporine is effective in preventing human anti-mouse antibody, suggesting the feasibility of multidose, "fractionated" therapy that could enhance clinical response.

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