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Phase I Trial and Pharmacokinetic Study of Raltitrexed in Children with Recurrent or Refractory Leukemia: A Pediatric Oncology Group Study

¹ University of Texas Health Science Center; ² ILEX Oncology, San Antonio, Texas; ³ Texas Children's Cancer Center/Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; ⁴ University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and ⁵ University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Requests for reprints: Terzah Horton, Baylor College of Medicine, 6621 Fannin, MC 3-3320, Houston, TX 77030. Fax: 832-825-4276; E-mail: tmhorton{at}txccc.org.

Purpose: To evaluate the toxicity, antileukemic activity, and pharmacology of raltitrexed administered weekly for 3 weeks to patients with refractory or recurrent leukemia.

Experimental Design: Raltitrexed was administered as a 15-minute infusion for 3 consecutive weeks every 5 weeks, at doses ranging from 1.3 to 2.8 mg/m². The first course was used to determine the dose-limiting toxicities and maximum tolerated dose. Correlative studies included an assessment of raltitrexed pharmacokinetics and measurement of plasma 2'-deoxyuridine concentrations, a surrogate measure of thymidylate synthase inhibition.

Results: Twenty-one children (18 evaluable) with refractory leukemia received 25 courses of raltitrexed. The dose-limiting toxicity was reversible elevation in liver transaminases at the 2.8-mg/m² dose level and the maximum tolerated dose was 2.1 mg/m² per dose. Pharmacokinetics were best characterized by a two-compartment model with a clearance of 139 mL/min/m² (8.3 L/h/m²), a 2.4-L volume of distribution, an initial half-life (t_1/2) of 6 minutes, and a terminal half-life (t_1/2ß) of 45 minutes. There were three objective responses.

Conclusions: Raltitrexed was well tolerated when administered as a single agent to children with recurrent or refractory leukemia. We observed preliminary evidence of antileukemia activity using this weekly dosing schedule and these observations support further evaluation of raltitrexed in this population.

Key Words: Tomudex • ZD1694 • pediatric leukemia • ALL • AML