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Antitumor Activity of Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid against Thyroid Cancer Cell Lines In vitro and In vivo

Authors' Affiliations: ¹ Department of Medicine and the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine and ² Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles and Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California

Requests for reprints: Quang T. Luong, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Davis Building, Room 5022, Los Angeles, CA 90048. Phone: 310-423-7739; Fax: 310-423-0225; E-mail: trong.luong{at}gmail.com.

Purpose: The histone deacetylase inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), has multiple antitumor effects against a variety of human cancers.

Experimental design: We treated several anaplastic and papillary thyroid cancer cell lines with SAHA to determine if it could inhibit the growth of these cells in vitro and in vivo.

Results: SAHA effectively inhibited 50% clonal growth of the anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines, ARO and FRO, and the papillary thyroid cancer cell line, BHP 7-13, at 1.3 x 10^–7 to 5 x 10^–7 mol/L, doses that are achievable in patients. In concert with growth inhibition, SAHA down-regulated the expression of cyclin D1 and up-regulated levels of p21^WAF1. Annexin V and cleavage of poly(ADP)ribose polymerase were both increased by exposure of the thyroid cancer cells to SAHA. Expression of the death receptor 5 (DR5) gene was also increased by SAHA, but the combination of the DR5 ligand, tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), with SAHA had little effect compared with SAHA alone. Of note, the combination of paclitaxel, doxorubicin, or paraplatin with SAHA enhanced cell killing of the thyroid cancer cells. In addition, murine studies showed that SAHA administered daily by i.p. injection at 100 mg/kg inhibited the growth of human thyroid tumor cells.

Conclusion: Our data indicate that SAHA is a plausible adjuvant therapy for thyroid cancers.

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