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Fluorescence Visualization Detection of Field Alterations in Tumor Margins of Oral Cancer Patients

Authors' Affiliations: ¹ Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Departments of ² Cancer Control Research, ³ Oral Oncology, and ⁴ Cancer Imaging, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Departments of ⁵ Surgery (Otolaryngology) and ⁶ Pathology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and ⁷ School of Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada

Requests for reprints: Miriam P. Rosin, BC Oral Cancer Prevention Program, BC Cancer Agency/Cancer Control Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1L3. Phone: 604-675-8078; Fax: 604-675-8180; E-mail: Miriam_Rosin{at}shaw.ca.

Purpose: Genetically altered cells could become widespread across the epithelium of patients with oral cancer, often in clinically and histologically normal tissue, and contribute to recurrent disease. Molecular approaches have begun to yield information on cancer/risk fields; tissue optics could further extend our understanding of alteration to phenotype as a result of molecular change.

Experimental Design: We used a simple hand-held device in the operating room to directly visualize subclinical field changes around oral cancers, documenting alteration to fluorescence. A total of 122 oral mucosa biopsies were obtained from 20 surgical specimens with each biopsy being assessed for location, fluorescence visualization (FV) status, histology, and loss of heterozygosity (LOH; 10 markers on three regions: 3p14, 9p21, and 17p13).

Results: All tumors showed FV loss (FVL). For 19 of the 20 tumors, the loss extended in at least one direction beyond the clinically visible tumor, with the extension varying from 4 to 25 mm. Thirty-two of 36 FVL biopsies showed histologic change (including 7 squamous cell carcinoma/carcinomas in situ, 10 severe dysplasias, and 15 mild/moderate dysplasias) compared with 1 of the 66 FV retained (FVR) biopsies. Molecular analysis on margins with low-grade or no dysplasia showed a significant association of LOH in FVL biopsies, with LOH at 3p and/or 9p (previously associated with local tumor recurrence) present in 12 of 19 FVL biopsies compared with 3 of 13 FVR biopsies (P = 0.04).

Conclusions: These data have, for the first time, shown that direct FV can identify subclinical high-risk fields with cancerous and precancerous changes in the operating room setting.

Commentary

Fluorescence Visualization in Oral Neoplasia: Shedding Light on an Old Problem

William H. Westra and David Sidransky
Clin. Cancer Res. 2006 12: 6594-6597. [Full Text] [PDF]

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