This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Ganten, T. M. Articles by Walczak, H. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Ganten, T. M. Articles by Walczak, H.

Preclinical Differentiation between Apparently Safe and Potentially Hepatotoxic Applications of TRAIL Either Alone or in Combination with Chemotherapeutic Drugs

Authors' Affiliations: ¹ Divison of Apoptosis Regulation, D040, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Departments of ² Internal Medicine and ³ Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; ⁴ Department of Internal Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; and ⁵ Department of Plant Science, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands

Requests for reprints: Henning Walczak, Division for Apoptosis Regulation, D040, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany. Phone: 49-6221-423701; Fax: 49-6221-423699; E-mail: h.walczak{at}dkfz.de.

Purpose: Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis–inducing ligand (TRAIL/Apo2L) exhibits potent antitumor activity on systemic administration in nonhuman primates without deleterious side effects for normal tissue. However, there is a controversy about the potential toxicity of TRAIL on human hepatocytes. The use of different recombinant TRAIL forms only partially explains the contradicting reports on TRAIL sensitivity in primary human hepatocytes (PHH).

Experimental Design: To clarify this issue, we comprehensively tested four different recombinant forms of TRAIL for their apoptosis-inducing capacity on PHH obtained from a total of 55 human livers between day 1 and day 8 of in vitro culture.

Results: One day after single-cell isolation, all but one recombinant form of TRAIL [i.e., an untagged form of TRAIL (TRAIL.0)] induced apoptosis in PHH. Apoptosis induction by TRAIL in these cells could only be fully inhibited by concomitant blockade of TRAIL receptor 1 and TRAIL receptor 2. At day 4 of in vitro culture, when surrogate markers indicated optimal hepatocyte in vitro function, only high doses of cross-linked FLAG-TRAIL killed PHH whereas the other three recombinant TRAIL forms did not. Strikingly, cotreatment of day 4 PHH with cisplatin sensitized for TRAIL-induced apoptosis whereas 5-fluorouracil, etoposide, gemcitabine, irinotecan, or oxaliplatin, which are commonly used in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers, did not.

Conclusion: Our data show that whereas TRAIL alone or together with selected chemotherapeutic drugs seems to be safe, the combination of TRAIL with cisplatin is toxic to PHH.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				L. Cao, P. Du, S.-H. Jiang, G.-H. Jin, Q.-L. Huang, and Z.-C. Hua Enhancement of antitumor properties of TRAIL by targeted delivery to the tumor neovasculature Mol. Cancer Ther., April 1, 2008; 7(4): 851 - 861. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Daniel, B. Yang, D. A. Lawrence, K. Totpal, I. Balter, W. P. Lee, A. Gogineni, M. J. Cole, S. F. Yee, S. Ross, et al. Cooperation of the proapoptotic receptor agonist rhApo2L/TRAIL with the CD20 antibody rituximab against non-Hodgkin lymphoma xenografts Blood, December 1, 2007; 110(12): 4037 - 4046. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Koschny, H. Holland, J. Sykora, T. L. Haas, M. R. Sprick, T. M. Ganten, W. Krupp, M. Bauer, P. Ahnert, J. Meixensberger, et al. Bortezomib Sensitizes Primary Human Astrocytoma Cells of WHO Grades I to IV for Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand-Induced Apoptosis Clin. Cancer Res., June 1, 2007; 13(11): 3403 - 3412. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]