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Prospective Assessment of XPD Lys751Gln and XRCC1 Arg399Gln Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Lung Cancer

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹ Medical Genetics Unit and ² Thoracic Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, and ³ Medical Statistics, Department of Public Health, University of Torino, Turin, Italy

Requests for reprints: Giorgio V. Scagliotti, Thoracic Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, S. Luigi Hospital, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy. Phone: 39-011-902-6414; Fax: 39-011-903-8616; E-mail: giorgio.scagliotti{at}unito.it.

Purpose: XRCC1 and XPD play key roles in the repair of DNA lesions and adducts. Contrasting findings have been reported on the effect of polymorphisms of these genes on the response to platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the XPD Lys751Gln and XRCC1 Arg399Gln genotypes and outcome in lung cancer patients.

Experimental Design: We genotyped 203 NSCLC and 45 small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) patients for the two polymorphisms. Most of the patients (81%) received a platinum-based chemotherapy.

Results: The patients' genotype frequencies did not significantly differ from controls and both groups were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the two polymorphisms. The XRCC1399 Gln/Gln variant genotype was associated with a higher median survival time (80 weeks versus 54.6 weeks for the Arg/Gln heterozygous and 55.6 weeks for the wild-type Arg/Arg genotype; P = 0.09). At the multivariable analysis adjusted for histology, stage of the disease, performance status, age, and gender, the Gln/Gln genotype was associated with a better survival of borderline significance in the subgroup of patients treated with cisplatin (hazard ratio, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.30-1.00); this association became significant for those with grade 3-4 clinical toxicity (hazard ratio, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.22-0.98). No association between XPD Lys751Gln genotype and clinical outcome was found.

Conclusion: This prospective investigation provides suggestive evidence of a favorable effect of the XRCC1399 Gln/Gln genotype on survival in platinum-treated NSCLC and, for the first time, in SCLC patients also. This contrasts with other authors who did not include non–platinum-treated patients, but it does fit the expectation for a suboptimal ability to remove DNA adducts.