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A Polymorphism in HDM2 (SNP309) Associates with Early Onset in Superficial Tumors, TP53 Mutations, and Poor Outcome in Invasive Bladder Cancer

Authors' Affiliations: ¹ Division of Molecular Pathology, ² Computational Biology Center, and Departments of ³ Medicine and ⁴ Urology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; ⁵ Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain; and ⁶ BIOPAT, Grup Assistencia, Barcelona, Spain

Requests for reprints: Marta Sanchez-Carbayo, Molecular Pathology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, E-28029 Madrid, Spain. Phone: 34-91-732-8053; Fax: 34-91-224-6972; E-mail: mscarbayo{at}cnio.es and Carlos Cordon-Cardo, Division of Molecular Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021. Phone: 212-639-7746; Fax: 212-794-3186; E-mail: cordon-c{at}mskcc.org.

Purpose: The HDM2 gene represents one of the central nodes in the p53 pathway. A recent study reported the association of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP309) in the HDM2 promoter region with accelerated tumor formation in both hereditary and sporadic cancers. In this study, we aim to evaluate the SNP309 in bladder cancer and to link it to TP53 status.

Experimental Design: SNP309 genotyping and TP53 mutation status were done on 141 bladder tumors and 8 bladder cancer cell lines using a RFLP strategy and TP53 genotyping arrays, respectively. Transcript profiling of a subset of cases (n = 41) was done using oligonucleotide arrays to identify genes differentially expressed regarding their SNP309 status.

Results: Of 141 bladder tumors analyzed, 36.9% displayed the SNP309 wild-type (WT; T/T) genotype, whereas 11.3% were homozygous (G/G) and 51.8% were heterozygous (T/G) cases. Patients with superficial disease and the G/G genotype had an earlier age on onset than those with the T/G or T/T genotypes (P = 0.029). Tumors with SNP309 WT genotype significantly displayed TP53 mutations when compared with tumors harboring G/G or T/G genotypes (P < 0.05). SNP309 WT cases had a poorer overall survival than cases with G/G and T/G genotypes (P < 0.05). TP53 mutation status provided enhanced prognostic value (P < 0.001). Transcript profiling identified TP53 targets among those differentially expressed between tumors displaying G/G or T/G SNP309 versus WT cases.

Conclusions: SNP309 is a frequent event in bladder cancer, related to earlier onset of superficial disease and TP53 mutation status. SNP309 genotypes were found to be associated with clinical outcome.

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