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Whole-Body Optical Imaging in Animal Models to Assess Cancer Development and Progression

Authors' Affiliations: ¹ Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases and ² Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

Requests for reprints: Clemens W.G.M. Löwik, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands. Phone: 31-71-5263075 or 5262490; Fax: 31-71-5248136; E-mail: c.w.g.m.lowik{at}lumc.nl.

Abstract

Different optical-based imaging models were used to investigate tumor progression and metastasis with particular emphasis on metastasis to bone and bone marrow. We describe how optical imaging can be used to follow important processes in tumor development and treatment response, including angiogenesis, apoptosis, and proteolysis. Finally, we discuss the translation of one optical imaging modality, near-IR fluorescence, from animal validation studies to applications in the clinic related to cancer management.

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