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Phase I Trial of MS-275, a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Administered Weekly in Refractory Solid Tumors and Lymphoid Malignancies

Authors' Affiliations: ¹ Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research and ² Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland and ³ Clinical Pharmacology Program, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland

Requests for reprints: Shivaani Kummar, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Drive, 10/12N226, Bethesda, MD 20892. Phone: 301-435-5402; Fax: 301-402-0172; E-mail: kummars{at}exchange.nih.gov.

Purpose: MS-275 is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that has shown potent and unique anticancer activity in preclinical models. The aims of this phase I trial were to determine the dose-limiting toxicities and maximum tolerated dose of oral MS-275 in humans administered with food on a once weekly schedule and to study the pharmacokinetics of oral MS-275.

Experimental Design: Patients with refractory solid tumors and lymphoid malignancies were treated with oral MS-275 on a once weekly schedule for 4 weeks of a 6-week cycle. Samples for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses were collected during cycle 1. Protein acetylation in subpopulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured using a multivariable flow cytometry assay.

Results: A total of 22 patients were enrolled, and 19 were considered evaluable for toxicity. The maximum tolerated dose was 6 mg/m². No National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria grade 4 toxicities were observed. Dose-limiting grade 3 toxicities were reversible and consisted of hypophosphatemia, hyponatremia, and hypoalbuminemia. Non–dose-limiting grade 3 myelosuppression was also observed. The mean terminal half-life of MS-275 was 33.9 ± 26.2 and the T_max ranged from 0.5 to 24 h. Although there was considerable interpatient variability in pharmacokinetics, the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve increased linearly with dose.

Conclusions: MS-275 is well tolerated at a dose of 6 mg/m² administered weekly with food for 4 weeks every 6 weeks. Drug exposure increases linearly with dose, and protein acetylation increased in all the subpopulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells following MS-275 administration.

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