This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Palmieri, D. Articles by Steeg, P. S. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Palmieri, D. Articles by Steeg, P. S. Related Collections Tumor Biology Tumor Biology: Invasion and Metastasis Tumor Biology: Model Organisms and Imaging

The Biology of Metastasis to a Sanctuary Site

Authors' Affiliations: ¹ Women's Cancers Section, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; ² Departments of Oncology, Pathology, and Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, and London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada; ³ Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California; and ⁴ Department of Neurosurgery, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas

Requests for reprints: Patricia S. Steeg, Molecular Therapeutics Program, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 1-122, 37 Convent Drive, MSC 4264, Bethesda, MD 20892. Phone: 301-402-2732; Fax: 301-402-8910; E-mail: steegp{at}mail.nih.gov.

Abstract

Metastasis to the brain is prevalent in solid tumors and lymphomas, and is associated with shortened survival. The brain is regarded as a sanctuary site for metastatic tumor cells where they exist partially protected from drugs by the blood-tumor barrier. Model systems for brain metastasis have been developed and are now yielding mechanistic insights into the roles of angiogenesis, energy metabolism, the Her-2 and Stat3 signaling pathways, and dormancy. Specific, new approaches to combat brain metastatic disease are needed.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				B. C. Pestalozzi Brain metastases and subtypes of breast cancer Ann. Onc., May 1, 2009; 20(5): 803 - 805. [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Cruz-Munoz, S. Man, P. Xu, and R. S. Kerbel Development of a Preclinical Model of Spontaneous Human Melanoma Central Nervous System Metastasis Cancer Res., June 15, 2008; 68(12): 4500 - 4505. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. S. Miller, B. Bauer, and A. M. S. Hartz Modulation of P-Glycoprotein at the Blood-Brain Barrier: Opportunities to Improve Central Nervous System Pharmacotherapy Pharmacol. Rev., June 1, 2008; 60(2): 196 - 209. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. C. Prendergast AACR Cancer Reviews Online: A new resource for cancer researchers Cancer Reviews Online Content, April 1, 2007; 2007(1): 1 - 2. [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. B. Aragon-Ching and J. A. Zujewski CNS Metastasis: An Old Problem in a New Guise Clin. Cancer Res., March 15, 2007; 13(6): 1644 - 1647. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]