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Ankyrin Repeat Domain 1, ANKRD1, a Novel Determinant of Cisplatin Sensitivity Expressed in Ovarian Cancer

Authors' Affiliations: ¹ Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at the Westmead Millennium Institute; Departments of ² Gynaecological Oncology, ³ Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, and ⁴ Anatomical Pathology, Westmead Hospital; ⁵ Department of Translational Oncology, Westmead and Nepean Hospitals; and ⁶ Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia

Requests for reprints: Department of Gynaecological Oncology, The University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia. Phone: 61-2-9845-7376; Fax: 61-2-9845-7793; E-mail: anna_defazio@wmi.usyd.edu.au.

Purpose: The standard of care for ovarian cancer includes platinum-based chemotherapy. It is not possible, however, to predict clinical platinum sensitivity or to design rational strategies to overcome resistance. We used a novel approach to identify altered gene expression associated with high sensitivity to cisplatin, to define novel targets to sensitize tumor cells to platins and ultimately improve the effectiveness of this widely used class of chemotherapeutics.

Experimental Design: Using differential display PCR, we identified genes differentially expressed in a mutagenized cell line with unusual sensitivity to cisplatin. The most highly differentially expressed gene was selected, and its role in determining cisplatin sensitivity was validated by gene transfection and small interfering RNA (siRNA) approaches, by association of expression levels with cisplatin sensitivity in cell lines, and by association of tumor expression levels with survival in a retrospective cohort of 71 patients with serous ovarian adenocarcinoma.

Results: The most highly differently expressed gene identified was ANKRD1, ankyrin repeat domain 1 (cardiac muscle). ANKRD1 mRNA levels were correlated with platinum sensitivity in cell lines, and most significantly, decreasing ANKRD1 using siRNA increased cisplatin sensitivity >2-fold. ANKRD1 was expressed in the majority of ovarian adenocarcinomas tested (62/71, 87%), and higher tumor levels of ANKRD1 were found in patients with worse outcome (overall survival, P = 0.013).

Conclusions: These findings suggest that ANKRD1, a gene not previously associated with ovarian cancer or with response to chemotherapy, is associated with treatment outcome, and decreasing ANKRD1 expression, or function, is a potential strategy to sensitize tumors to platinum-based drugs.