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Methylseleninic Acid Enhances Taxane Drug Efficacy against Human Prostate Cancer and Down-Regulates Antiapoptotic Proteins Bcl-XL and Survivin

Authors' Affiliations: ¹ The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota and ² United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, North Dakota

Requests for reprints: Junxuan Lü, Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912. Phone: 507-437-9680; Fax: 507-437-9606; E-mail: jlu{at}hi.umn.edu.

Purpose: Our previous work has shown that methylseleninic acid (MSeA) sensitized hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPCa) cells to apoptosis induced by paclitaxel (Taxol) through enhancing multiple caspases. This study aimed to (a) determine the general applicability of the sensitization effect for taxane drugs in vitro, (b) establish the enhancement of paclitaxel efficacy by MSeA in vivo, and (c) investigate Bcl-XL and survivin as molecular targets of MSeA to augment apoptosis.

Experimental design: DU145 and PC-3 HRPCa cell lines were used to evaluate the in vitro apoptosis effects of paclitaxel, docetaxel and their combination with MSeA, and the molecular mechanisms. DU145 xenograft growth in athymic nude mice was used to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of paclitaxel and its combination with MSeA. The tumor samples were used to examine Bcl-XL and survivin protein abundance.

Results: MSeA combination with paclitaxel or docetaxel exerted a greater than additive apoptosis effect on DU145 and PC-3 cells. In nude mice, paclitaxel and MSeA combination inhibited growth of DU145 subcutaneous xenograft with the equivalent efficacy of a four-time higher dose of paclitaxel alone. MSeA decreased the basal and paclitaxel-induced expression of Bcl-XL and survivin in vitro and in vivo. Ectopic expression of Bcl-XL or survivin attenuated MSeA/paclitaxel-induced apoptosis.

Conclusions: MSeA enhanced the efficacy of paclitaxel against HRPCa in vitro and in vivo, at least in part, by down-regulating the basal and paclitaxel-induced expression of both Bcl-XL and survivin to increase caspase-mediated apoptosis. MSeA may be a novel agent to improve taxane combination therapy.