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Clinical Cancer Research Vol. 6, 1693-1701, May 2000
© 2000 American Association for Cancer Research


Clinical Trials

Vaccination of High-Risk Breast Cancer Patients with Mucin-1 (MUC1) Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin Conjugate plus QS-211

Teresa Gilewski2, Sucharita Adluri, Govindaswami Ragupathi, Shengle Zhang, Tzy-Jyun Yao, Katherine Panageas, Maryellen Moynahan, Alan Houghton, Larry Norton and Philip O. Livingston

Breast Cancer [T. G., M. M., L. N.] and Immunology [S. A., G. R., S. Z., A. H., P. O. L.] Services, Division of Solid Tumor, Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics [T-J. Y., K. P.], Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021

Our objective was to determine whether an immune response can be generated against MUC1 peptide and against tumor cell MUC1 after vaccination with MUC1-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) conjugate plus QS-21 in breast cancer patients.

Nine patients with a history of breast cancer but without evidence of disease were treated with MUC1-KLH conjugate plus QS-21, containing 100 µg of MUC1 and 100 µg of QS-21. s.c. vaccinations were administered at weeks 1, 2, 3, 7, and 19. Peripheral blood was drawn at frequent intervals to assess antibody titers. Skin tests were placed at weeks 1, 3, 9, and 21 to determine delayed type hypersensitivity reactions.

Common toxicities included a local skin reaction at the site of the vaccine, usually of 4–5 days’ duration, and mild flu-like symptoms usually of 1–2 days’ duration. High IgM and IgG antibody titers against synthetic MUC1 were detected. IgG antibody titers remain elevated from a minimum of 106–137 weeks after the first vaccination. Binding of IgM antibody to MCF-7 tumor cells was observed in seven patients, although there was minimal binding of IgG antibody. Two patients developed significant antibody titers post-high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell reinfusion. There was no evidence of T cell activation.

This MUC1-KLH conjugate plus QS-21 was immunogenic and well tolerated in breast cancer patients. Additional trials are ongoing to determine the optimal MUC1 peptide for use in larger clinical trials. Further investigation of vaccine therapy in high-risk breast cancer is warranted.




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