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Molecular Oncology, Markers, Clinical Correlates |
Department of Pathology [M. D., C. C-C.], Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine [I. O., H. I. S.], and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology [M. F.], Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021
Cyclin
D1 is a key regulator of the G1 phase progression of the
cell cycle. There is increasing evidence that deregulated cyclin D1
expression is implicated in tumorigenesis and tumor progression in
certain neoplasms. Recently, it has been reported that cyclin D1
overexpression might be related to the evolution of
androgen-independent disease in prostate cancer. This study was
conducted to investigate patterns of cyclin D1 expression in prostate
cancer samples representing different points in the natural history and
treatment evolution of the disease. Association with clinical outcomes
was also explored. Using immunohistochemistry, 86 radical prostatectomy
specimens (53 naïve and 33 after androgen deprivation) and 22
androgen-independent bone metastases were studied. We examined the
difference in cyclin D1 expression in primary versus
metastatic cases. In addition, we examined the association in primary
cases between cyclin D1 expression and clinicopathological parameters
of poor clinical outcome, including time to prostate-specific antigen
relapse and Ki67 proliferative index. Cyclin D1-positive phenotype,
defined as identification of positive immunoreactivity in the nuclei of
20% of tumor cells, was observed in 10 of 86 (11%) primary cases
compared with 15 of 22 (68%) androgen-independent bone metastases
(P = 0.001). There was no correlation between
cyclin D1 overexpression and either Gleason score, neo-adjuvant hormone
treatment, or prostate-specific antigen relapse.
We observed a statistical association between cyclin D1 overexpression
and high Ki67 proliferative index, defined as
20% of positive tumor
cells (P = 0.02). These data support the hypothesis
that cyclin D1 overexpression may represent an oncogenic event in
androgen-independent metastatic prostate cancer to the bone.
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