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Molecular Oncology, Markers, Clinical Correlates |
Division of Oncology, The Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
Angiogenesis
is essential for tumor growth and metastasis and depends on the
production of angiogenic factors by tumor cells. Neuroblastoma (NB) is
a common pediatric tumor of neural crest origin, which is biologically
and clinically heterogeneous. Increased tumor vascular index correlates
with poor outcome of NB. To determine which angiogenic factors
contribute to NB angiogenesis and thereby support tumor progression, we
examined the expression of eight angiogenic factors [vascular
endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF-B, VEGF-C, basic fibroblast
growth factor, angiopoietin (Ang)-1, Ang-2, transforming growth factor
, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)] by semiquantitative
RT-PCR in 37 NB primary tumors and in 22 NB cell lines. We also
analyzed the relationship between angiogenic factor expression and
clinicopathological factors as well as patient survival. All eight
angiogenic factors examined were expressed at various levels in NB cell
lines and tumors, suggesting their involvement in NB angiogenesis. The
expression levels of most angiogenic factors were correlated with each
other, suggesting their synergy in regulating the angiogenic process.
Significantly higher expression levels of VEGF, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, basic
fibroblast growth factor, Ang-2, transforming growth factor
, and
PDGF-A (P < 0.00010.026) were found in
advanced-stage tumors (stages 3 and 4) compared with low-stage tumors
(stages 1, 2, and 4S). Expression of PDGF-A was significantly
associated with patient survival (P = 0.04). The
redundancy in angiogenic factor expression suggests that inhibition of
VEGF bioactivity alone might not be a sufficient approach for
antiangiogenic therapy of human NB.
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