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Regulation of Disease-Progression Genes in Human Gastric Carcinoma Cells by Interleukin 8¹

First Departments of Internal Medicine [Y. K., K. H., N. M., S. Y., K. S., G. K.] and Pathology [W. Y., E. T.], Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan [N. M.]; Cellular Technology Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Tokushima 771-01, Japan [Y. O.]; and Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030 [I. J. F.]

The expression of interleukin 8 (IL-8) by human gastric carcinomas directly correlates with tumor vascularity and disease progression. To determine whether IL-8 can act in an autocrine manner to regulate the expression of other disease-progression genes, we examined the expression of IL-8 receptors IL-8RA (CXCR1) and IL-8RB (CXCR2) in six different human gastric carcinoma cell lines and 38 surgical specimens of human gastric carcinomas. All of the gastric carcinoma cell lines expressed mRNA and protein for IL-8RA and IL-8RB protein. In all surgical specimens, the majority of the tumor cells and small vessel endothelial cells stained positive for IL-8RA and IL-8RB protein. In vitro treatment of human gastric cancer MKN-1 cells with exogenous IL-8 enhanced the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor, type IV collagenase (metalloproteinase-9), vascular endothelial growth factor, and IL-8 mRNA. In contrast, treatment with exogenous IL-8 decreased expression of E-cadherin mRNA. IL-8 treatment increased invasive capacity of MKN-1 cells, which was associated with activity of metalloproteinase-9. Collectively, these results demonstrate that human gastric carcinoma cells express receptors for IL-8 and that IL-8 may play a role in the progressive growth of human gastric carcinoma by autocrine/paracrine mechanisms.

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