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Experimental Therapeutics, Preclinical Pharmacology |
Cattedra di Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Molecolare e Clinica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 5-80131 Naples, Italy [F. C., R. B., V. D., R. C., G. P., S. D. P., A. R. B., G. T.]; Divisione di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Oncologia, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy [G. F.]; and University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030 [J. M.]
Angiogenesis
plays a key role in tumor growth and metastasis. The transforming
growth factor
(TGF-
)-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)
autocrine pathway controls in part the production of angiogenic factors
such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast
growth factor (bFGF) in cancer cells. In this study, we have evaluated
the antiangiogenic and antitumor activity of monoclonal antibody (MAb)
C225, an anti-EGFR chimeric human-mouse MAb, alone and in combination
with a human VEGF antisense (AS) 21-mer phosphorothioate
oligonucleotide (VEGF-AS) in human GEO colon cancer cells. MAb C225
treatment determined a dose-dependent inhibition of VEGF, bFGF, and
TGF-
production by GEO cells in vitro. Treatment with
VEGF-AS caused a selective inhibition in VEGF expression by GEO cells
in vitro. Treatment of immunodeficient mice bearing
established, palpable GEO xenografts for 3 weeks with VEGF-AS or with
MAb C225 determined a cytostatic reversible inhibition of tumor growth.
In contrast, a prolonged inhibition of tumor growth was observed in all
mice treated with the two agents, in combination with a
significant improvement in mice survival compared with controls
(P < .001), to MAb C225 (P <
.001), or to VEGF-AS (P < .001) treated mice. All
mice died within 4, 6, and 8 weeks after tumor cell injection in the
control, VEGF-AS and MAb C225 groups, respectively. In contrast, 50%
of mice treated with the combination of VEGF-AS and MAb C225 were alive
at 13 weeks. Ten % of mice treated with VEGF-AS plus MAb C225 were
alive at 20 weeks and had no histological evidence of GEO tumors.
Immunohistochemical analysis of GEO tumor xenografts demonstrated a
significant reduction of VEGF expression after treatment with VEGF-AS
with a parallel reduction in microvessel count. MAb C225 treatment
determined a reduction in the expression of VEGF, bFGF, and TGF-
with a reduction in microvessel count. Finally, a significant
potentiation in inhibition of VEGF expression and little or no
microvessels were observed in GEO tumors after the combined treatment
with the two agents.
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