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Molecular Oncology, Markers, Clinical Correlates |
Departments of Pathology [C. R. A., S. J. T., R. D., J. M. W., M. L.], Biostatistics [D. H. L.], and Surgery [M. F. B.] Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198 [J. A. B., J. R. N.]; and Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 [J. R. G.]
Purpose: A specific TLS-CHOP fusion gene resulting from the t(12;16) is present in at least 95% of myxoid liposarcomas (MLS). Three common forms of the TLS-CHOP fusion have been described, differing by the presence or absence of TLS exons 6–8 in the fusion product. Type 5-2 (also known as type II) consists of TLS exons 1–5 fused to CHOP exon 2; type 7-2 (also known as type I) also includes TLS exons 6 and 7 in the fusion, whereas type 8-2 (also known as type III) fuses TLS exons 1–8 to CHOP exon 2. We sought to determine the impact of TLS-CHOP fusion transcript structure on clinical outcome in a group of well-characterized MLS cases. We also analyzed P53 status, because this parameter has been found to have a significant prognostic impact in other sarcomas with chromosomal translocations.
Methods: We analyzed TLS-CHOP fusion transcripts by reverse-transcription PCR using RNA extracted from frozen tissue in 82 MLS confirmed previously to harbor a CHOP rearrangement either by Southern blotting or by cytogenetic detection of the t(12;16). Parameters analyzed included age, location, size, percentage of round cell (RC) component, areas of increased cellularity, necrosis, and surgical margins. In 71 (87%) cases, adequate tumor tissue was available for immunohistochemical analysis of P53 status, using DO7 antibody. The Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank, and Cox regression tests were used for survival analyses.
Results: Most MLS were >10 cm (73%), arising in the thigh (70%), and localized at presentation (89%). RC component was <5% in 47 (57%) cases and 
5% in 35 (43%). The TLS-CHOP fusion transcript was type 5-2 in 55 (67%), type 7-2 in 16 cases (20%), and type 8-2 in 8 (10%). One tumor had a unique variant fusion, between exon 6 TLS and exon 2 CHOP. Two other cases (2%) showed an EWS-CHOP fusion transcript. Overexpression of P53 (defined as 10% nuclear staining) was detected in 12 (17%) cases. High histological grade (defined as 5% RC; P < 0.01), presence of necrosis (5% of tumor mass; P < 0.05), and overexpression of P53 (P < 0.001) correlated with reduced metastatic disease-free survival in localized tumors. The presence of negative surgical margins (P < 0.01) and extremity location (P = 0.02) were found to be significant in predicting local recurrence in the entire group as well as localized cases by univariate and multivariate analysis. Although there was no significant correlation between TLS-CHOP transcript type and histological grade or disease-specific survival, an association was found between the P53 status and type 5-2 fusion (P < 0.01).
Conclusion: In contrast to some other translocation-associated sarcomas, the molecular variability of TLS-CHOP fusion transcript structure does not appear to have a significant impact on clinical outcome in MLS. Instead, high histological grade (5% RC), presence of necrosis, and P53 overexpression are predictors of unfavorable outcome in localized MLS.
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