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Clinical Cancer Research Vol. 7, 429-434, February 2001
© 2001 American Association for Cancer Research


Cancer Biology, Immunology, Cytokines

Cyclooxygenase-2 Is Overexpressed in Human Cervical Cancer1

Swati Kulkarni, Janet S. Rader, Fan Zhang, Helen Liapis, Alane T. Koki, Jaime L. Masferrer, Kotha Subbaramaiah and Andrew J. Dannenberg2

Departments of Medicine [K. S., A. J. D.] and Surgery [S. K.], New York Presbyterian Hospital-Cornell, New York, New York 10021; Strang Cancer Prevention Center, New York, New York 10021 [F. Z., K. S., A. J. D.]; Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology [J. S. R.] and Pathology [H. L.], Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110; and Searle Discovery Research, Pharmacia, St. Louis, Missouri 63017 [A. T. K., J. L. M.]

Multiple lines of evidence suggest that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an important target for preventing epithelial malignancies. Little is known, however, about the expression of COX-2 in gynecological malignancies. By immunoblot analysis, COX-2 was detected in 12 of 13 cases of cervical cancer but was undetectable in normal cervical tissue. Immunohistochemistry revealed COX-2 in malignant epithelial cells. COX-2 was also expressed in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. The mechanism by which COX-2 is up-regulated in cervical cancer is unknown. Because the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is commonly overexpressed in cervical cancer, we investigated whether EGF could induce COX-2 in cultured human cervical carcinoma cells. Treatment with EGF markedly induced COX-2 protein, COX-2 mRNA, and stimulated COX-2 promoter activity. The induction of COX-2 by EGF was suppressed by inhibitors of tyrosine kinase activity, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Moreover, overexpressing dominant-negative forms of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, p38, and c-Jun blocked EGF-mediated induction of COX-2 promoter activity. Taken together, these findings suggest that deregulation of the EGF receptor signaling pathway may lead to enhanced COX-2 expression in cervical cancer.




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