Clinical Cancer Research CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium Infection and Cancer: Biology, Therapeutics, and Prevention
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cancer Research Clinical Cancer Research
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention Molecular Cancer Therapeutics
Molecular Cancer Research Cancer Prevention Research
Cancer Prevention Journals Portal Cancer Reviews Online
Annual Meeting Education Book Meeting Abstracts Online
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Khuri, F. R.
Right arrow Articles by Xu, X.-C.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Khuri, F. R.
Right arrow Articles by Xu, X.-C.
Clinical Cancer Research Vol. 7, 861-867, April 2001
© 2001 American Association for Cancer Research

Molecular Oncology, Markers, Clinical Correlates

Cyclooxygenase-2 Overexpression Is a Marker of Poor Prognosis in Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer1

Fadlo R. Khuri2, Hong Wu, J. Jack Lee, Bonnie L. Kemp, Reuben Lotan, Scott M. Lippman, Lei Feng, Waun K. Hong and Xiao-Chun Xu

Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology [F. R. K., R. L., S. M. L., W. K. H.] Biostatistics [J. J. L., L. F.], Pathology [B. L. K.], and Clinical Cancer Prevention [H. W., S. M. L., X-C. X.], The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, is overexpressed in a variety of different tumors, including those of the colon, pancreas, lung, and head and neck. We used in situ hybridization with a digoxgenin-labeled COX-2 antisense riboprobe to assess the presence of strong or intermediate versus weak or absent COX-2 expression in specimens from 160 patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Of these, 3 specimens had strong expression, 69 had intermediate expression of COX-2, 24 had weak expression, and 64 had no detectable COX-2. The strength of COX-2 expression was associated with a worse overall survival rate (P = 0.001) and a worse disease-free survival rate (P = 0.022). The median survival times for the strong, intermediate or weak, and null COX-2 expressors were 1.04, 5.50, and 8.54 years, respectively. Interestingly, all three specimens with strong COX-2 expression came from patients who died within 18 months. Retinoic acid receptor ß (RAR-ß) is a nuclear retinoid receptor whose expression is frequently lost in aerodigestive tract carcinogenesis. We previously demonstrated that expression of RAR-ß in stage I NSCLC indicates a poor prognosis. Retinoids have been shown to prevent induction of COX-2 by mitogens and tumor promoters. Expression of COX-2 correlated with RAR-ß expression (P = 0.053), but not with k-ras mutational status, vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, interleukin 8 levels, or other markers of angiogenesis, invasion, and metastases. Thus, like RAR-ß positivity, COX-2 overexpression appears to portend a shorter survival among patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer. Future studies of RAR-ß and COX-2 regulation in NSCLC should further the development of prevention and therapy interventions with retinoids and/or COX-2 antagonists in this patient population.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 ThoraxHome page
P Ulivi, L Mercatali, W Zoli, D Dell'Amore, V Poletti, G L Casoni, E Scarpi, E Flamini, D Amadori, and R Silvestrini
Serum free DNA and COX-2 mRNA expression in peripheral blood for lung cancer detection
Thorax, September 1, 2008; 63(9): 843 - 844.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Prevention ResearchHome page
V. R. Holla, M. G. Backlund, P. Yang, R. A. Newman, and R. N. DuBois
Regulation of Prostaglandin Transporters in Colorectal Neoplasia
Cancer Prevention Research, July 1, 2008; 1(2): 93 - 99.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Molecular Cancer TherapeuticsHome page
C.-C. Wu, J.-C. Lin, S.-C. Yang, C.-W. Lin, J. J.W. Chen, J.-Y. Shih, T.-M. Hong, and P.-C. Yang
Modulation of the expression of the invasion-suppressor CRMP-1 by cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition via reciprocal regulation of Sp1 and C/EBP{alpha}
Mol. Cancer Ther., June 1, 2008; 7(6): 1365 - 1375.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
M. J. Fidler, A. Argiris, J. D. Patel, D. H. Johnson, A. Sandler, V. M. Villaflor, J. Coon IV, L. Buckingham, K. Kaiser, S. Basu, et al.
The Potential Predictive Value of Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression and Increased Risk of Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Erlotinib and Celecoxib
Clin. Cancer Res., April 1, 2008; 14(7): 2088 - 2094.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JCOHome page
M. G. Backlund, J. M. Amann, and D. H. Johnson
Novel Strategies for the Treatment of Lung Cancer: Modulation of Eicosanoids
J. Clin. Oncol., February 20, 2008; 26(6): 825 - 827.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JCOHome page
M. J. Edelman, D. Watson, X. Wang, C. Morrison, R. A. Kratzke, S. Jewell, L. Hodgson, A. M. Mauer, A. Gajra, G. A. Masters, et al.
Eicosanoid Modulation in Advanced Lung Cancer: Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression Is a Positive Predictive Factor for Celecoxib + Chemotherapy--Cancer and Leukemia Group B Trial 30203
J. Clin. Oncol., February 20, 2008; 26(6): 848 - 855.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.Home page
A. L. Van Dyke, M. L. Cote, G. Prysak, G. B. Claeys, A. S. Wenzlaff, and A. G. Schwartz
Regular Adult Aspirin Use Decreases the Risk of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer among Women
Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., January 1, 2008; 17(1): 148 - 157.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
M. K. Sackett, I. Bairati, F. Meyer, E. Jobin, S. Lussier, A. Fortin, M. Gelinas, A. Nabid, F. Brochet, and B. Tetu
Prognostic Significance of Cyclooxygenase-2 Overexpression in Glottic Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res., January 1, 2008; 14(1): 67 - 73.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
F. Hohla, A. V. Schally, C. A. Kanashiro, S. Buchholz, B. Baker, C. Kannadka, A. Moder, E. Aigner, C. Datz, and G. Halmos
Growth inhibition of non-small-cell lung carcinoma by BN/GRP antagonist is linked with suppression of K-Ras, COX-2, and pAkt
PNAS, November 20, 2007; 104(47): 18671 - 18676.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. Surg. Oncol.Home page
M. Alam, J. H. Wang, J. C. Coffey, S. S. Qadri, A. O'Donnell, T. Aherne, and H. P. Redmond
Characterization of the Effects of Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition in the Regulation of Apoptosis in Human Small and Non Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines
Ann. Surg. Oncol., September 1, 2007; 14(9): 2678 - 2684.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ChestHome page
J. Gray, J. T. Mao, E. Szabo, M. Kelley, J. Kurie, and G. Bepler
Lung Cancer Chemoprevention: ACCP Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (2nd Edition)
Chest, September 1, 2007; 132(3_suppl): 56S - 68S.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JCOHome page
K. J. O'Byrne, S. Danson, D. Dunlop, N. Botwood, F. Taguchi, D. Carbone, and M. Ranson
Combination Therapy With Gefitinib and Rofecoxib in Patients With Platinum-Pretreated Relapsed Non Small-Cell Lung Cancer
J. Clin. Oncol., August 1, 2007; 25(22): 3266 - 3273.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JCOHome page
P. J. O'Dwyer, S. G. Eckhardt, D. G. Haller, J. Tepper, D. Ahnen, S. Hamilton, A. B. Benson III, M. Rothenberg, N. Petrelli, H.-J. Lenz, et al.
Priorities in Colorectal Cancer Research: Recommendations From the Gastrointestinal Scientific Leadership Council of the Coalition of Cancer Cooperative Groups
J. Clin. Oncol., June 1, 2007; 25(16): 2313 - 2321.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CarcinogenesisHome page
A. G. Schwartz, G. M. Prysak, C. H. Bock, and M. L. Cote
The molecular epidemiology of lung cancer
Carcinogenesis, March 1, 2007; 28(3): 507 - 518.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Molecular Cancer TherapeuticsHome page
A. Jimeno, M. L. Amador, P. Kulesza, X. Wang, B. Rubio-Viqueira, X. Zhang, A. Chan, J. Wheelhouse, H. Kuramochi, K. Tanaka, et al.
Assessment of celecoxib pharmacodynamics in pancreatic cancer
Mol. Cancer Ther., December 1, 2006; 5(12): 3240 - 3247.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
H. Tsubochi, N. Sato, M. Hiyama, M. Kaimori, S. Endo, Y. Sohara, and T. Imai
Combined Analysis of Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression With p53 and Ki-67 in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer.
Ann. Thorac. Surg., October 1, 2006; 82(4): 1198 - 1204.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Res.Home page
C. P. Schroeder, H. Kadara, D. Lotan, J. K. Woo, H.-Y. Lee, W. K. Hong, and R. Lotan
Involvement of Mitochondrial and Akt Signaling Pathways in Augmented Apoptosis Induced by a Combination of Low Doses of Celecoxib and N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl) Retinamide in Premalignant Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Cancer Res., October 1, 2006; 66(19): 9762 - 9770.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
F. Hohla, A. V. Schally, K. Szepeshazi, J. L. Varga, S. Buchholz, F. Koster, E. Heinrich, G. Halmos, F. G. Rick, C. Kannadka, et al.
Synergistic inhibition of growth of lung carcinomas by antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone in combination with docetaxel
PNAS, September 26, 2006; 103(39): 14513 - 14518.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. Surg. Oncol.Home page
H.-W. Wang, C.-T. Hsueh, C.-F. J. Lin, T.-Y. Chou, W.-H. Hsu, L.-S. Wang, and Y.-C. Wu
Clinical Implications of Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase-1 Overexpression in Human Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Ann. Surg. Oncol., September 1, 2006; 13(9): 1224 - 1234.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
J. Ding, J. Li, C. Xue, K. Wu, W. Ouyang, D. Zhang, Y. Yan, and C. Huang
Cyclooxygenase-2 Induction by Arsenite Is through a Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cell-dependent Pathway and Plays an Antiapoptotic Role in Beas-2B Cells
J. Biol. Chem., August 25, 2006; 281(34): 24405 - 24413.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CarcinogenesisHome page
H. Zhi, L. Wang, J. Zhang, C. Zhou, F. Ding, A. Luo, M. Wu, Q. Zhan, and Z. Liu
Significance of COX-2 expression in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Carcinogenesis, June 1, 2006; 27(6): 1214 - 1221.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Jpn J Clin OncolHome page
J. H. Byun, M. A. Lee, S. Y. Roh, B. Y. Shim, S. H. Hong, Y. H. Ko, S. J. Ko, I. S. Woo, J. H. Kang, Y. S. Hong, et al.
Association between Cyclooxygenase-2 and Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol., May 1, 2006; 36(5): 263 - 268.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Exp. Med.Home page
D. Wang, H. Wang, J. Brown, T. Daikoku, W. Ning, Q. Shi, A. Richmond, R. Strieter, S. K. Dey, and R. N. DuBois
CXCL1 induced by prostaglandin E2 promotes angiogenesis in colorectal cancer
J. Exp. Med., April 17, 2006; 203(4): 941 - 951.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Res.Home page
S. M. Lippman and J. J. Lee
Reducing the "Risk" of Chemoprevention: Defining and Targeting High Risk--2005 AACR Cancer Research and Prevention Foundation Award Lecture.
Cancer Res., March 15, 2006; 66(6): 2893 - 2903.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
J. T. Mao, M. C. Fishbein, B. Adams, M. D. Roth, L. Goodglick, L. Hong, M. Burdick, E. R. M. Strieter, C. Holmes, D. P. Tashkin, et al.
Celecoxib Decreases Ki-67 Proliferative Index in Active Smokers
Clin. Cancer Res., January 1, 2006; 12(1): 314 - 320.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JNCI J Natl Cancer InstHome page
A. L. Sabichi, X. Xu, and S. M. Lippman
RAR{beta}1': Primed To Fight Retinoid Resistance in Lung Carcinogenesis
J Natl Cancer Inst, November 16, 2005; 97(22): 1632 - 1633.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Vet PatholHome page
D. A. Heller, C. A. Clifford, M. H. Goldschmidt, D. E. Holt, F. S. Shofer, A. Smith, and K. U. Sorenmo
Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression is Associated with Histologic Tumor Type in Canine Mammary Carcinoma
Vet. Pathol., November 1, 2005; 42(6): 776 - 780.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CLIN APPL THROMB HEMOSTHome page
S. Kanazawa, K. Yamaguchi, Y. Kinoshita, M. Muramatsu, Y. Komiyama, and S. Nomura
Gefitinib Affects Functions of Platelets and Blood Vesselsvia Changes in Prostanoids Balance
Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, October 1, 2005; 11(4): 429 - 434.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
K. Vermaelen and R. Pauwels
Pulmonary Dendritic Cells
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., September 1, 2005; 172(5): 530 - 551.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
C. Mascaux, B. Martin, J-M. Verdebout, V. Ninane, and J-P. Sculier
COX-2 expression during early lung squamous cell carcinoma oncogenesis
Eur. Respir. J., August 1, 2005; 26(2): 198 - 203.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
F. Jiang, N. P. Caraway, B. Nebiyou Bekele, H.-Z. Zhang, A. Khanna, H. Wang, R. Li, R. L. Fernandez, T. M. Zaidi, D. A. Johnston, et al.
Surfactant Protein A Gene Deletion and Prognostics for Patients with Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res., August 1, 2005; 11(15): 5417 - 5424.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Res.Home page
S. Sharma, S.-C. Yang, L. Zhu, K. Reckamp, B. Gardner, F. Baratelli, M. Huang, R. K. Batra, and S. M. Dubinett
Tumor Cyclooxygenase-2/Prostaglandin E2-Dependent Promotion of FOXP3 Expression and CD4+CD25+ T Regulatory Cell Activities in Lung Cancer
Cancer Res., June 15, 2005; 65(12): 5211 - 5220.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BloodHome page
M. Ladetto, S. Vallet, A. Trojan, M. Dell'Aquila, L. Monitillo, R. Rosato, L. Santo, D. Drandi, A. Bertola, P. Falco, et al.
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is frequently expressed in multiple myeloma and is an independent predictor of poor outcome
Blood, June 15, 2005; 105(12): 4784 - 4791.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
N. K. Altorki, J. L. Port, F. Zhang, D. Golijanin, H. T. Thaler, A. J. Duffield-Lillico, K. Subbaramaiah, and A. J. Dannenberg
Chemotherapy Induces the Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res., June 1, 2005; 11(11): 4191 - 4197.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
D. Santini, B. Vincenzi, G. Tonini, S. Scarpa, F. Vasaturo, C. Malacrino, F. Vecchio, D. Borzomati, S. Valeri, R. Coppola, et al.
Cyclooxygenase-2 Overexpression Is Associated with a Poor Outcome in Resected Ampullary Cancer Patients
Clin. Cancer Res., May 15, 2005; 11(10): 3784 - 3789.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
Z. Liao, R. Komaki, L. Milas, C. Yuan, M. Kies, J. Y. Chang, M. Jeter, T. Guerrero, G. Blumenschien, C. M. Smith, et al.
A Phase I Clinical Trial of Thoracic Radiotherapy and Concurrent Celecoxib for Patients with Unfavorable Performance Status Inoperable/Unresectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res., May 1, 2005; 11(9): 3342 - 3348.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
S. S.A. Qadri, J.-H. Wang, J. C. Coffey, M. Alam, A. O'Donnell, T. Aherne, and H. P. Redmond
Surgically Induced Accelerated Local and Distant Tumor Growth is Significantly Attenuated by Selective COX-2 Inhibition
Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 2005; 79(3): 990 - 995.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ChestHome page
S. A. Khuder, N. A. Herial, A. B. Mutgi, and D. J. Federman
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug Use and Lung Cancer: A Metaanalysis
Chest, March 1, 2005; 127(3): 748 - 754.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
C. Tuccillo, M. Romano, T. Troiani, E. Martinelli, F. Morgillo, F. De Vita, R. Bianco, G. Fontanini, R. A. Bianco, G. Tortora, et al.
Antitumor Activity of ZD6474, a Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-2 and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Small Molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, in Combination with SC-236, a Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor
Clin. Cancer Res., February 1, 2005; 11(3): 1268 - 1276.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JCOHome page
E. T. Hawk and B. Levin
Colorectal Cancer Prevention
J. Clin. Oncol., January 10, 2005; 23(2): 378 - 391.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CarcinogenesisHome page
S. A. Blaine, A. M. Meyer, G. Hurteau, M. Wick, J. A. Hankin, R. C. Murphy, A. J. Dannenberg, M. W. Geraci, K. Subbaramaiah, and R. A. Nemenoff
Targeted over-expression of mPGES-1 and elevated PGE2 production is not sufficient for lung tumorigenesis in mice
Carcinogenesis, January 1, 2005; 26(1): 209 - 217.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
L. T. Soumaoro, H. Uetake, T. Higuchi, Y. Takagi, M. Enomoto, and K. Sugihara
Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression: A Significant Prognostic Indicator for Patients With Colorectal Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res., December 15, 2004; 10(24): 8465 - 8471.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JCOHome page
C. Lu, J.-C. Soria, X. Tang, X.-C. Xu, L. Wang, L. Mao, R. Lotan, B. Kemp, B. N. Bekele, L. Feng, et al.
Prognostic Factors in Resected Stage I Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Multivariate Analysis of Six Molecular Markers
J. Clin. Oncol., November 15, 2004; 22(22): 4575 - 4583.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
J. T. Mao, I-H. Tsu, S. M. Dubinett, B. Adams, T. Sarafian, F. Baratelli, M. D. Roth, and K. J. Serio
Modulation of Pulmonary Leukotriene B4 Production by Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors and Lipopolysaccharide
Clin. Cancer Res., October 15, 2004; 10(20): 6872 - 6878.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Res.Home page
K. Krysan, H. Dalwadi, S. Sharma, M. Pold, and S. Dubinett
Cyclooxygenase 2-Dependent Expression of Survivin Is Critical for Apoptosis Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Cancer Res., September 15, 2004; 64(18): 6359 - 6362.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JCOHome page
F. R. Khuri and R. Lotan
Retinoids in Lung Cancer: Friend, Foe, or Fellow Traveler?
J. Clin. Oncol., September 1, 2004; 22(17): 3435 - 3437.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
F. R. Khuri and V. Cohen
Molecularly Targeted Approaches to the Chemoprevention of Lung Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res., June 15, 2004; 10(12): 4249S - 4253S.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
J. R. Brown and R. N. DuBois
Cyclooxygenase as a Target in Lung Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res., June 15, 2004; 10(12): 4266S - 4269S.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ChestHome page
J. R. Brown and R. N. DuBois
Cyclooxygenase-2 in Lung Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention: Roger S. Mitchell Lecture
Chest, May 1, 2004; 125(5_suppl): 134S - 140S.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Res.Home page
M. Pold, L. X. Zhu, S. Sharma, M. D. Burdick, Y. Lin, P. P. N. Lee, A. Pold, J. Luo, K. Krysan, M. Dohadwala, et al.
Cyclooxygenase-2-Dependent Expression of Angiogenic CXC Chemokines ENA-78/CXC Ligand (CXCL) 5 and Interleukin-8/CXCL8 in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Cancer Res., March 1, 2004; 64(5): 1853 - 1860.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CarcinogenesisHome page
D. Campa, S. Zienolddiny, V. Maggini, V. Skaug, A. Haugen, and F. Canzian
Association of a common polymorphism in the cyclooxygenase 2 gene with risk of non-small cell lung cancer
Carcinogenesis, February 1, 2004; 25(2): 229 - 235.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 GutHome page
C J Buskens, A Sivula, B P van Rees, C Haglund, G J A Offerhaus, J J B van Lanschot, and A Ristimaki
Comparison of cyclooxygenase 2 expression in adenocarcinomas of the gastric cardia and distal oesophagus
Gut, December 1, 2003; 52(12): 1678 - 1683.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
J. E. Castelao, R. D. Bart III, C. A. DiPerna, E. M. Sievers, and R. M. Bremner
Lung cancer and cyclooxygenase-2
Ann. Thorac. Surg., October 1, 2003; 76(4): 1327 - 1335.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JNCI J Natl Cancer InstHome page
H. Choy and L. Milas
Enhancing Radiotherapy With Cyclooxygenase-2 Enzyme Inhibitors: A Rational Advance?
J Natl Cancer Inst, October 1, 2003; 95(19): 1440 - 1452.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
C. A. DiPerna, R. D. Bart, E. M. Sievers, Y. Ma, V. A. Starnes, and R. M. Bremner
Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition decreases primary and metastatic tumor burden in a murine model of orthotopic lung adenocarcinoma
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., October 1, 2003; 126(4): 1129 - 1133.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
K.-T. Kuo, K.-C. Chow, Y.-C. Wu, C.-S. Lin, H.-W. Wang, W.-Y. Li, and L.-S. Wang
Clinicopathologic significance of cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 2003; 76(3): 909 - 914.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JCOHome page
E. Dmitrovsky
Combining Cytotoxic Chemotherapy With Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition
J. Clin. Oncol., July 15, 2003; 21(14): 2631 - 2632.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
L. Ermert, C. Dierkes, and M. Ermert
Immunohistochemical Expression of Cyclooxygenase Isoenzymes and Downstream Enzymes in Human Lung Tumors
Clin. Cancer Res., May 1, 2003; 9(5): 1604 - 1610.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
J.-C. Soria, C. Moon, B. L. Kemp, D. D. Liu, L. Feng, X. Tang, Y.-S. Chang, L. Mao, and F. R. Khuri
Lack of Interleukin-10 Expression Could Predict Poor Outcome in Patients with Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res., May 1, 2003; 9(5): 1785 - 1791.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]