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Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida 33612
Tumor immunity requires the participation of lymphocyte effector cells that display powerful processes to destroy malignant cells. Natural killer (NK) cells and CTLs, once activated, use the same lytic processes for mediating target cell death. However, they are triggered through distinctly separate antigen receptors. NK cells are currently known to express at least three families of receptors unrelated to the T cell receptor, i.e., NKG2, KIR, and NCR, to mediate cytotoxicity. This review provides a view to a kill, bringing together a unifying concept for a common signal pathway that dictates lytic function. What emerges is a specific Syk/Zap70 
PI3K Rac PAK MEK ERK signal cascade triggered by target cell recognition, which is responsible for mobilizing the lytic granules containing perforin and granzyme B toward the contacted target cell.
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