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Cancer Center Karolinska, Immune and Gene Therapy Laboratory, and Radiumhemmet, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden [K-J. M., M. P., T. O., F. I., B. G., J-E. F., G. M., R. K.], and CALAB Research /NOVA Medical Flow Cytometry Laboratory, 11281 Stockholm, Sweden [R. L.]
Purpose: Patients with advanced cancer exhibit multifaceteddefects in their immune capacity, which are likely to contribute to an increased susceptibility to infections and disease progression and to constitute a barrier to immunotherapeutic interventions. A chronic inflammatory condition associated with increased oxidative stress has been suggested as one of the responsible mechanisms behind the tumor-induced immune suppression. We, therefore, speculated that supplementation with the antioxidant vitamin E could enhance the immune functions in patients with advanced cancer.
Experimental Design: This hypothesis was here tested in twelve patients with colorectal cancer (Dukes’ C and D) who, prior to intervention with chemo- or radiotherapy, received a daily dose of 750 mg of vitamin E during a period of 2 weeks.
Results: Short-term supplementation with high doses of dietary vitamin E leads to increased CD4:CD8 ratios and to enhanced capacity by their T cells to produce the T helper 1 cytokines interleukin 2 and IFN-
. In 10 of 12 patients, an increase of 10% or more (average, 22%) in the number of T cells producing interleukin 2 was seen after 2 weeks of vitamin E supplementation, as compared with peripheral blood monocyte samples taken before treatment (P = 0.02). Interestingly, there seemed to be a more pronounced stimulatory effect by vitamin E on naïve (CD45RA+) T helper cells as compared with T cells with a memory/activated phenotype.
Conclusions: Dietary vitamin E may be used to improve the immune functions in patients with advanced cancer, as a supplement to more specific immune interventions.
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