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Alterations in the Frequency of Dendritic Cell Subsets in the Peripheral Circulation of Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Head and Neck¹

University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute [T. K. H., T. L. W.], Departments of Pathology [T. L. W.], Surgery [J. M-B., W. J. S.], and Otolaryngology [R. L. F., J. T. J., T. L. W.], University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213

Patients with advanced squamous cell carcinomas of thehead and neck (SCCHN) are frequently immunocompromised.Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells that play a role in antitumor immune responses. Using multicolor flow cytometry, the percentages of lineage-negative (LIN^-) and DR⁺ DC precursors, as well as their LIN^-DR⁺CD11c⁺ (myeloid) and LIN^-DR⁺CD123⁺ (lymphoid) subsets, were determined in the peripheral blood of 36 patients with SCCHN before surgery. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 28 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were used as controls. The proportions of LIN^-DR⁺ cells were found to be comparable in the circulation of patients and controls. However, the relative level of DR expression in LIN^-DR⁺ DC was lower in patients than in controls, suggesting a difference in the maturity of DC. The relative proportion of LIN^-DR⁺CD123⁺ cells in the LIN^-DR⁺ subset of DC did not differ significantly in patients compared with normal individuals. However, the percentage of myeloid-derived LIN^-DR⁺CD11c⁺ DCs was significantly lower (P < 0.002) in SCCHN patients than in controls. Of the 13 patients who were restudied 6 weeks after surgery, 9 showed an increase of the myeloid-derived LIN^-DR⁺CD11c⁺ DC subset postoperatively. This observation suggests that deficiency in the myeloid-derived DC precursors in patients with SCCHN is related to the presence of tumor and is reversible. An overall decrease in the myeloid-derived subset of DC could contribute to the failure of SCCHN patients to develop effective antitumor immune responses.

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