This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Hara, N. Articles by Tomita, Y. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Hara, N. Articles by Tomita, Y.

Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of Prostate-specific Antigen, Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen, and Prostate Stem Cell Antigen in One Milliliter of Peripheral Blood

Value for the Staging of Prostate Cancer

Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Signal Transduction Research and Division of Urology, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951, Japan

Purpose: There have been several studies on the presence of circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood of patients with malignant tumors including prostate cancer (PCa) using reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). One of the aims of these studies was to obtain high sensitivity that would enable early-stage diagnosis. However, they varied in their detection rates, and the methods were rather complicated. We have improved the RT-PCR assay combining three prostate-associated molecules, prostate specific antigen (PSA), prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), and prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) to reveal patients with poor prognosis.

Experimental Design: Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 129 patients including 58 cases of PCa and 71 cases of nonmalignant disorders. Total RNA was extracted from 1 ml of whole blood using a commercially available kit.

Results: The sensitivity of PSA-, PSMA-, and PSCA-nested RT-PCR was verified with positive signals of a single LNCaP cell in 1 ml of female blood sample. PSA-, PSMA-, and PSCA-mRNA were detected in 7 (12.1%), 12 (20.7%), and 8 (13.8%) PCa, and in 1, 2, and 0 samples in nonmalignant disorders, respectively. Among 58 PCa patients, each PCR indicated the prognostic value in the hierarchy of PSCA>PSA>PSMA RT-PCR, and extraprostatic cases with positive PSCA PCR indicated lower disease-progression-free survival than those with negative PSCA PCR.

Conclusions: The present findings suggest that PSCA PCR would be most promising for the molecular staging of PCa. The present RT-PCR is a highly cost-effective and rapid procedure, enabling the molecular staging of PCa with RT-PCR as a diagnostic routine.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				J. V. Leyton, T. Olafsen, M. A. Sherman, K. B. Bauer, P. Aghajanian, R. E. Reiter, and A. M. Wu Engineered humanized diabodies for microPET imaging of prostate stem cell antigen-expressing tumors Protein Eng. Des. Sel., March 1, 2009; 22(3): 209 - 216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Sardana, B. Dowell, and E. P. Diamandis Emerging Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer Clin. Chem., December 1, 2008; 54(12): 1951 - 1960. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K Fizazi, L Morat, L Chauveinc, D Prapotnich, R De Crevoisier, B Escudier, X Cathelineau, F Rozet, G Vallancien, L Sabatier, et al. High detection rate of circulating tumor cells in blood of patients with prostate cancer using telomerase activity Ann. Onc., March 1, 2007; 18(3): 518 - 521. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Pagliarulo, D. Hawes, F. H. Brands, S. Groshen, J. Cai, J. P. Stein, G. Lieskovsky, D. G. Skinner, and R. J. Cote Detection of Occult Lymph Node Metastases in Locally Advanced Node-Negative Prostate Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., June 20, 2006; 24(18): 2735 - 2742. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. S. Lam, J. Yamashiro, I. P. Shintaku, R. L. Vessella, R. B. Jenkins, S. Horvath, J. W. Said, and R. E. Reiter Prostate Stem Cell Antigen Is Overexpressed in Prostate Cancer Metastases Clin. Cancer Res., April 1, 2005; 11(7): 2591 - 2596. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. V. Tricoli, M. Schoenfeldt, and B. A. Conley Detection of Prostate Cancer and Predicting Progression: Current and Future Diagnostic Markers Clin. Cancer Res., June 15, 2004; 10(12): 3943 - 3953. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]