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Identification of Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule Autoantibody in Patients with Ovarian Cancer

Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 [J-H. K., D-C. P., D. W. C., R. S. B., S. C. M.]; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint Vincent Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea [J-H. K., D-C. P.]; The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 [D. H.]; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 [K-k. W.]; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390 [J. O. S.]; Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030 [K. H. L.]; and Gillette Center for Women’s Cancer, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 [S. J. S., D. W. C., R. S. B., S. C. K.]

The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM) exhibited an ovarian cancer:normal human ovarian surface epithelium ratio of 444. For validation studies, real-time quantitative PCR analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed in normal and malignant ovarian epithelial cell lines and tissues. To evaluate the potential of the Ep-CAM autoantibody as a tumor marker, we examined the amount of Ep-CAM autoantibody in serum samples obtained from ovarian cancer patients and normal controls by an ELISA. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed significant overexpression of Ep-CAM mRNA in cancer cell lines (P < 0.001) and microdissected cancer tissues (P < 0.05), compared with that in cultured normal human ovarian surface epithelium and microdissected germinal epithelium, respectively. Immunolocalization of the Ep-CAM autoantibody showed that the sera of ovarian cancer patients expressed higher levels of Ep-CAM autoantibody than benign tumor patients and normal controls (P < 0.05). The levels of Ep-CAM autoantibody found were as follows: 0.132 in 52 patients with ovarian cancer, 0.098 in 26 cases with benign gynecologic disease, and 0.090 in 26 normal women. This investigation has shown that the Ep-CAM autoantibody was found to be associated with ovarian cancer and suggested that future research assessing its clinical usefulness would be worthwhile.

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