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Tuberous Sclerosis-associated Neoplasms Express Activated p42/44 Mitogen-activated Protein (MAP) Kinase, and Inhibition of MAP Kinase Signaling Results in Decreased in Vivo Tumor Growth¹

Departments of Dermatology [B. G., M. N., K. C., J. L. A.], Pathology [D. B., C. C.], and Emory Skin Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina [M. C. M., M. S. M.]; and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 [H. O.]

Purpose: Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is a common autosomal disorder attributable to inactivation of the tumor suppressor genes tuberin and hamartin. To determine whether mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling plays a role in the pathogenesis of TS, we stained human TS-associated neoplasms with antibodies directed against activated MAP kinase, and observed high-level expression.

Experimental Design: To determine whether MAP kinase is functionally important for the development of neoplasia in TS, we established a murine model of TS-associated neoplasia (Tsc2Ang1 cells) from a tumor arising in a mouse heterozygous for tuberin. Tsc2Ang1 cells demonstrate tumorigenesis in vivo and high-level expression of activated MAP kinase in vitro. The functionality of MAP kinase signaling was assessed by inactivating MAP kinase using a dominant-negative MAP kinase kinase in tsc2ang1 cells and assessing the effect of this intervention on in vivo tumorigenicity and production of the potent angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

Results: Human TS-related neoplasms demonstrate high-level expression of activated MAP kinase, as does a tumor arising in a mouse heterozygous for tuberin. The inhibition of MAP kinase signaling by the introduction of a dominant-negative MAP kinase kinase leads to the inhibition of tumor growth in vivo and decreased production of VEGF.

Conclusions: MAP kinase is activated in TS-related neoplasia in mice and humans. Inhibition of MAP kinase leads to decreased tumor growth in vivo. Pharmacological inhibition of MAP kinase may be a therapeutic target in the prevention and treatment of TS-related tumors.

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