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Imaging, Diagnosis, Prognosis

Evaluation of the ETS-Related Gene mRNA in Urine for the Detection of Prostate Cancer

Kevin R. Rice, Yongmei Chen, Amina Ali, Eric J. Whitman, Amy Blase, Mona Ibrahim, Sally Elsamanoudi, Stephen Brassell, Bungo Furusato, Norbert Stingle, Isabell A. Sesterhenn, Gyorgy Petrovics, Siobhan Miick, Harry Rittenhouse, Jack Groskopf, David G. McLeod and Shiv Srivastava
Kevin R. Rice
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Yongmei Chen
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Amina Ali
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Eric J. Whitman
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Amy Blase
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Mona Ibrahim
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Sally Elsamanoudi
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Stephen Brassell
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Bungo Furusato
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Norbert Stingle
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Isabell A. Sesterhenn
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Gyorgy Petrovics
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Siobhan Miick
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Harry Rittenhouse
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Jack Groskopf
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David G. McLeod
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Shiv Srivastava
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DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-2191
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Abstract

Purpose: Prevalent gene fusions in prostate cancer involve androgen-regulated promoters (primarily TMPRSS2) and ETS transcription factors (predominantly ETS-regulated gene (ERG)], which result in tumor selective overexpression of ERG in two thirds of patients. Because diverse genomic fusion events lead to ERG overexpression in prostate cancer, we reasoned that it may be more practical to capture such alterations using an assay targeting ERG sequences retained in such gene fusions. This study evaluates the potential of an assay quantitating ERG mRNA in post–digital rectal exam (DRE) urine for improving prostate cancer detection.

Experimental Design: Patients scheduled to undergo transrectal ultrasound-guided needle biopsy of the prostate were prospectively enrolled. On the day of biopsy, patients provided a urine sample immediately following a DRE. Urine ERG mRNA was measured and normalized to urine prostate-specific antigen (PSA) mRNA using the DTS 400 system. Demographic traits, clinical characteristics and biopsy results were analyzed for association with urine ERG score.

Results: The study was conducted on 237 patients. Prostate cancer was shown on biopsy in 40.9% of study subjects. A higher urine ERG score associated significantly with malignancy on biopsy (P = 0.0145), but not with clinical stage or Gleason score. Urine ERG score performed best in Caucasians and in men with a PSA of ≤4 ng/mL (area under the curve = 0.8).

Conclusions: A higher urine ERG score in post-DRE urine is associated with the diagnosis of prostate cancer on biopsy. Urine ERG score performed particularly well in men with a PSA of ≤4.0 ng/mL, a segment of the screening population in which further diagnostic markers are needed to determine in whom biopsy should be done. Clin Cancer Res; 16(5); OF1–5

Keywords
  • biopsy
  • ERG
  • post-DRE urine

Footnotes

  • Note: The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be considered as reflecting views of the U.S. Army or the Department of Defense.

    • Received August 13, 2009.
    • Revision received December 22, 2009.
    • Accepted December 30, 2009.
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Published OnlineFirst February 16, 2010
doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-2191

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Evaluation of the ETS-Related Gene mRNA in Urine for the Detection of Prostate Cancer
Kevin R. Rice, Yongmei Chen, Amina Ali, Eric J. Whitman, Amy Blase, Mona Ibrahim, Sally Elsamanoudi, Stephen Brassell, Bungo Furusato, Norbert Stingle, Isabell A. Sesterhenn, Gyorgy Petrovics, Siobhan Miick, Harry Rittenhouse, Jack Groskopf, David G. McLeod and Shiv Srivastava
Clin Cancer Res February 16 2010 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-2191

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Evaluation of the ETS-Related Gene mRNA in Urine for the Detection of Prostate Cancer
Kevin R. Rice, Yongmei Chen, Amina Ali, Eric J. Whitman, Amy Blase, Mona Ibrahim, Sally Elsamanoudi, Stephen Brassell, Bungo Furusato, Norbert Stingle, Isabell A. Sesterhenn, Gyorgy Petrovics, Siobhan Miick, Harry Rittenhouse, Jack Groskopf, David G. McLeod and Shiv Srivastava
Clin Cancer Res February 16 2010 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-2191
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Clinical Cancer Research
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