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Cancer Therapy: Clinical

Dietary Flaxseed Alters Tumor Biological Markers in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer

Lilian U. Thompson, Jian Min Chen, Tong Li, Kathrin Strasser-Weippl and Paul E. Goss
Lilian U. Thompson
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Jian Min Chen
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Tong Li
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Kathrin Strasser-Weippl
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Paul E. Goss
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DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-2326 Published May 2005
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Abstract

Purpose: Flaxseed, the richest source of mammalian lignan precursors, has previously been shown to reduce the growth of tumors in rats. This study examined, in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, the effects of dietary flaxseed on tumor biological markers and urinary lignan excretion in postmenopausal patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer.

Experimental Design: Patients were randomized to daily intake of either a 25 g flaxseed-containing muffin (n = 19) or a control (placebo) muffin (n = 13). At the time of diagnosis and again at definitive surgery, tumor tissue was analyzed for the rate of tumor cell proliferation (Ki-67 labeling index, primary end point), apoptosis, c-erbB2 expression, and estrogen and progesterone receptor levels. Twenty-four–hour urine samples were analyzed for lignans, and 3-day diet records were evaluated for macronutrient and caloric intake. Mean treatment times were 39 and 32 days in the placebo and flaxseed groups, respectively.

Results: Reductions in Ki-67 labeling index (34.2%; P = 0.001) and in c-erbB2 expression (71.0%; P = 0.003) and an increase in apoptosis (30.7%; P = 0.007) were observed in the flaxseed, but not in the placebo group. No significant differences in caloric and macronutrient intake were seen between groups and between pre- and posttreatment periods. A significant increase in mean urinary lignan excretion was observed in the flaxseed group (1,300%; P < 0.01) compared with placebo controls. The total intake of flaxseed was correlated with changes in c-erbB2 score (r = −0.373; P = 0.036) and apoptotic index (r = 0.495; P < 0.004).

Conclusion: Dietary flaxseed has the potential to reduce tumor growth in patients with breast cancer.

  • flaxseed
  • lignans
  • tumor cell proliferation
  • apoptosis
  • c-erbB2

Footnotes

  • ↵4 K. Power, N. Saarinen, J.M. Chen, W.E. Ward, L.U. Thompson, unpublished data.

  • Grant support: American Institute for Cancer Research and Canadian Breast Cancer Research Foundation grants (L.U. Thompson and P.E. Goss).

  • The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

    • Accepted February 23, 2005.
    • Received November 15, 2004.
    • Revision received February 4, 2005.
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Clinical Cancer Research: 11 (10)
May 2005
Volume 11, Issue 10
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Dietary Flaxseed Alters Tumor Biological Markers in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer
Lilian U. Thompson, Jian Min Chen, Tong Li, Kathrin Strasser-Weippl and Paul E. Goss
Clin Cancer Res May 15 2005 (11) (10) 3828-3835; DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-2326

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Dietary Flaxseed Alters Tumor Biological Markers in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer
Lilian U. Thompson, Jian Min Chen, Tong Li, Kathrin Strasser-Weippl and Paul E. Goss
Clin Cancer Res May 15 2005 (11) (10) 3828-3835; DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-2326
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Clinical Cancer Research
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