Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig. 1.
CD24 immunofluorescence. A, CD24 expression is virtually absent in the colon cancer cell line CX-2. Note strong exclusively membranous expression in the ovarian carcinoma cell line OVCAR-3, which served as positive control (inset). B, strong cytoplasmic and focal membranous expression of CD24 in the HT29 colon cancer cell line.
- Fig. 2.
CD24 immunohistochemistry. A, transition of low-grade dysplastic colonic epithelium in colon carcinoma. Note abrupt onset of predominantly membranous expression of CD24. B, interface between colon mucosa and colon carcinoma. Note strong predominantly cytoplasmic overexpression of CD24 in the neoplastic glands of this case. C, colon cancer with minimal focal membranous expression of CD24 (arrows). D, colon cancer with strong membranous expression of CD24 without cytoplasmic positivity. E, neoplastic colonic glands with strong cytoplasmic CD24 expression. F, liver metastasis of a colon carcinoma from the study cohort. Note strong simultaneous cytoplasmic and membranous expression of CD24.
- Fig. 3.
Patient survival in dependence of CD24 expression pattern. A and B, Kaplan-Meier survival curves for patients grouped for cytoplasmic CD24 expression (A, whole study cohort; B, patients without distant metastasis). Note dramatically reduced survival time for those patients whose tumors showed strong cytoplasmic positivity. C, survival curves for patients grouped for membranous CD24 expression.
Tables
- Table 1.
Clinicopathologic characteristics of the colon cancer cohort
Characteristic n (%) All cases 147 (100) Age ≤65 y 72 (49) >65 y 75 (51) Dukes stage A 33 (22.4) B 54 (36.7) C 48 (32.7) D 12 (8.2) Tumor stage pT1 9 (6.1) pT2 34 (23.1) pT3 94 (63.9) pT4 10 (6.9) Nodal status pN0 88 (59.9) pN1 29 (19.7) pN2 30 (20.4) Distant metastasis Mx 135 (91.8) pM1 12 (8.2) Grade 1 6 (4.1) 2 117 (79.6) 3 24 (16.3) Localization Left colon 60 (40.8) Transversal colon 21 (14.3) Right colon 44 (29.9) Rectum 22 (15) - Table 2.
Associations between membranous CD24 expression and clinicopathologic variables
Characteristic mCD24 negative mCD24 weak mCD24 moderate mCD24 strong P All cases 46 (31.3%) 33 (22.4%) 43 (29.3%) 25 (17%) Age ≤65 y 26 (36.1%) 16 (22.2%) 17 (23.6%) 13 (18.1%) 0.342* >65 y 20 (26.7%) 17 (22.7%) 26 (34.6%) 12 (16%) Dukes stage A 9 (27.3%) 9 (27.3%) 9 (27.3%) 6 (18.1%) 0.412† B 18 (33.3%) 15 (27.8%) 13 (24.1%) 8 (14.8%) C 17 (35.4%) 9 (18.8%) 17 (35.4%) 5 (10.4%) D 2 (16.7%) 0 (0%) 4 (33.3%) 6 (50%) Tumor stage pT1 2 (22.2%) 1 (11.1%) 4 (44.5%) 2 (22.2%) 0.677† pT2 11 (32.4%) 9 (26.5%) 9 (26.5%) 5 (14.6%) pT3 29 (30.9%) 21 (22.3%) 27 (28.7%) 17 (18.1%) pT4 4 (40%) 2 (20%) 3 (30%) 1 (10%) Nodal status pN0 27 (30.7%) 24 (27.3%) 24 (27.3%) 13 (14.7%) 0.400† pN1 10 (34.5%) 4 (13.8%) 10 (34.5%) 5 (17.2%) pN2 9 (30%) 5 (16.7%) 9 (30%) 7 (23.3%) Distant metastasis Mx 44 (32.6%) 33 (24.4%) 39 (28.9%) 19 (14.1%) 0.006* pM1 2 (16.7%) 0 (0%) 4 (33.3%) 6 (50%) Grade 1 1 (16.7%) 2 (33.3%) 0 (0%) 3 (50%) 0.317† 2 39 (33.3%) 28 (23.9%) 35 (29.9%) 15 (12.9%) 3 6 (25%) 3 (12.5%) 8 (33.3%) 7 (29.2%) Localization Left colon 24 (40%) 14 (23.3%) 12 (20%) 10 (16.7%) 0.013‡ Transversal colon 5 (23.8%) 3 (14.3%) 13 (61.9%) 0 (0%) Right colon 10 (22.7%) 13 (29.6%) 10 (22.7%) 11 (25%) Rectum 7 (31.8%) 3 (13.6%) 8 (36.4%) 4 (18.2%) - Table 3.
Associations between cytoplasmic CD24 expression and clinicopathologic variables
Characteristic cCD24 negative cCD24 weak cCD24 moderate cCD24 strong P All cases 23 (15.6%) 57 (38.8%) 52 (35.4%) 15 (10.2%) Age ≤65 y 15 (20.8%) 28 (38.9%) 23 (31.9%) 6 (8.4%) 0.099* >65 y 8 (10.6%) 29 (38.7%) 29 (38.7%) 9 (12.0%) Dukes stage A 10 (30.3%) 12 (36.4%) 10 (30.3%) 1 (3%) 0.002† B 5 (9.3%) 27 (50%) 18 (33.3%) 4 (7.4%) C 7 (14.6%) 17 (35.4%) 18 (37.5%) 6 (12.5%) D 1 (8.3%) 1 (8.3%) 6 (50%) 4 (33.4%) Tumor stage pT1 2 (22.2%) 4 (44.5%) 3 (33.3%) 0 (0%) 0.045† pT2 9 (26.5%) 12 (35.3%) 12 (35.3%) 1 (2.9%) pT3 10 (10.6%) 38 (40.4%) 34 (36.2%) 12 (12.8%) pT4 2 (20%) 3 (30%) 3 (30%) 2 (20%) Nodal status pN0 15 (17%) 38 (43.2%) 29 (33%) 6 (6.8%) 0.038† pN1 4 (13.8%) 11 (37.9%) 13 (44.9%) 1 (3.4%) pN2 4 (13.3%) 8 (26.7%) 10 (33.3%) 8 (26.7%) Distant metastasis Mx 22 (16.3%) 56 (41.5%) 46 (34.1%) 11 (8.1%) 0.005* pM1 1 (8.3%) 1 (8.3%) 6 (50%) 4 (33.4%) Grade 1 2 (33.3%) 1 (16.7%) 3 (50%) 0 (0%) 0.007† 2 19 (16.2%) 49 (41.9%) 43 (36.8%) 6 (5.1%) 3 2 (8.3%) 7 (29.2%) 6 (25%) 9 (37.5%) Localization Left colon 13 (21.7%) 19 (31.7%) 20 (33.3%) 8 (13.3%) 0.374‡ Transversal colon 1 (4.8%) 10 (47.5%) 9 (42.9%) 1 (4.8%) Right colon 4 (9.1%) 21 (47.7%) 16 (36.4%) 3 (6.8%) Rectum 5 (22.8%) 7 (31.8%) 7 (31.8%) 3 (13.6%) - Table 4.
Univariate survival analysis of CD24 expression and clinicopathologic variables
Cases Events Mean survival (mo) SE P* Age ≤65 y 72 14 75.0 3.6 0.0365 >65 y 75 27 58.6 3.6 Dukes stage A 33 4 69.8 3.4 <0.0001 B 54 5 83.8 2.7 C 48 22 49.4 4.2 D 12 10 19.1 6.0 Tumor stage pT1 9 0 Not reached — 0.0008 pT2 34 7 75.9 4.9 pT3 94 27 63.4 3.1 pT4 10 7 29.1 7.2 Nodal status pN0 88 11 81.7 2.4 <0.0001 pN1 29 10 55.5 5.3 pN2 30 20 28.7 4.0 Distant metastasis Mx 135 31 73.6 2.6 <0.0001 pM1 12 10 19.1 6.0 Grade 1 6 0 Not reached — 0.0007 2 117 28 72.9 2.9 3 24 13 42.5 6.6 Localization Left 60 21 63.8 4.7 0.0861 Transversal 21 6 61.4 6.8 Right 44 13 61.1 3.9 Rectum 22 1 78.1 1.9 cCD24 Negative 23 5 68.3 5.7 0.0018 Weak 57 13 73.9 4.0 Moderate 52 14 61.7 3.7 Strong 15 9 31.5 7.0 mCD24 Negative 46 14 67.4 5.1 0.5244 Weak 33 6 67.8 3.5 Moderate 43 13 60.1 4.7 Strong 25 8 58.5 5.7 ↵* Log-rank test.
- Table. 5.
Cox regression analysis of cases without distant metastasis (n = 135)
Overall survival Relative risk 95% confidence interval P Age Per year 1.045 1.010-1.082 0.010 Tumor stage pT1/pT2 1.000 pT3/pT4 1.216 0.473-3.130 0.685 Lymph node status Per positive node 1.166 1.070-1.270 <0.001 Grade 1/2 1.000 3 2.259 0.937-5.446 0.070 cCD24 expression Negative-moderate 1.000 Strong 3.707 1.338-10.272 0.012
Volume 11, Issue 18
