Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig. 1
A representative example of histology of each preneoplastic lesions (HE 400×). A, squamous metaplasia; B, mild dysplasia; C, moderate dysplasia; D, severe dysplasia; E, CIS.
- Fig. 2
Distribution of preneoplastic lesions and outcome of a longitudinal study in 52 individuals at risk harboring squamous metaplasia, mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia at baseline examination. Preneoplastic lesions progressing to CIS or SCC and its corresponding time to progression. Note that in comparison with Fig. 3, individuals at risk may initially harbor and/or develop multiple progressive lesions during follow-up. Outcome is determined by the highest grade of each preneoplastic lesion at the last analysis closest to the March 1, 2003 time point, (R, regression; S, stable; P, progression).
- Fig. 3
Outcome of preneoplastic lesions per individual at risk. HGD cohort consists of 18 individuals with ≥1 severe dysplasia at baseline whether or not accompanied by ≥1 LGD. LGD group consists of 34 individuals with ≥1 squamous metaplasia, mild dysplasia, or moderate dysplasia preneoplastic lesion at baseline (thus without severe dysplasia). Outcome is determined by the highest grade of any preneoplastic lesion at the last analysis closest to the March 1, 2003 time point in each individual of any preneoplastic lesion during follow up (R, regression; S, stable preneoplastic lesion; P, progression).
- Fig. 4
Examples of the nonstepwise changes of preneoplastic lesions in four patients (A-D) according to the WHO morphological classification. 1, Normal; 2, hyperplasia; 3, squamous metaplasia; 4, mild dysplasia; 5, moderate dysplasia; 6, severe dysplasia; 7, CIS/microinvasive SCC. RB3, segmental carina anterior right upper lobe; RB6, segmental carina superior right lower lobe; LB6, segmental carina superior left lower lobe.
Tables
- Table 1
Characterisitics of 52 individuals at risk harboring preneoplastic lesions (preneoplastic lesions: squamous metaplasia, mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia) in the central airways at baseline bronchoscopic examinations
Total number of individuals 52 Gender: Male 44 Female 8 Median age (y), (range) 64 (42-78) COPD 31 Non-COPD 21 Smoking history Current smokers 12 Ex-smokers 38 Never-smokers 2 Median no. (range) of pack-years smoked 39.5 (0-120) Age (range) at smoking initiation 19 (8-27) Median no. years (range) after smoking cessation 3.5 (1-39) Medical history Group 1: at risk for lung cancer primary 21 Group 2: at risk for subsequent primary Past ENT cancer 8 Past lung cancer treated surgically 11 Past lung cancer treated bronchoscopically 5 ≥2 primaries: ENT-Lung; Lung-Lung 7 Total no. of bronchoscopies 237 Median no. (range) of bronchoscopies per subject 4 (2-19) Total no. of lesions (preneoplastic lesions) sampled longitudinally 483 Median no. lesions (preneoplastic lesions) sampled per subject 5 (2-61) - Table 2
The distribution of preneoplastic lesions at baseline bronchosocpic examinations in 52 individuals, tabulated according to factors such as gender, COPD, etc
No. patients Total no. lesions Average no. lesions P LGD P HGD P Progression to CIS/SCC P Gender 52 134 0.5 1.0 0.23 Male 44 (85%) 115 (85%) 2.6 29 (66%) 15 (34%) 1.0 12/44 (27%) Female 8 (15%) 19 (15%) 2.4 5 (62%) 3 (38%) 4/8 (50%) COPD 31 (60%) 85 (63%) 2.7 0.4 20 (65%) 1.0 11 (35%) 1.0 11/31 (35%) 0.54 Non-COPD 21 (40%) 49 (37%) 2.3 14 (67%) 7 (33%) 5/21 (24%) Medical history At risk 21 (40%) 56 (42%) 2.7 0.90 12 (57%) 0.21 9 (43%) 0.38 7/21 (33%) 0.77 Previous primaries 31 (60%) 78 (58%) 2.5 22 (71%) 9 (29%) 9/31 (29%) Current smokers (average pack years 47) 12 (23%) 36 (27%) 3.0 0.37 8 (67%) 1.0 4 (33%) 1.0 0.30 Ex-smokers+ (average pack-years = 42 ) 40* (77%) 98 (73%) 2.5 26 (65%) 14 (35%) 14/40 (35%) Ex-smokers 38 96 0.85 0.74 0.18 Stop <5 y 20 (53%) 57 (59%) 2.8 12 (60%) 8 (40%) 0.74 9/20 (45%) Stop ;≥5 y 18 (47%) 39 (41%) 2.2 12 (67%) 6 (33%) 4/18 (22%) Pack-years 52 0.16 0.21 16 0.51 0-25 15* (29%) 32 (24%) 2.1 12 (80%) 3 (20%) 0.21 6/15 (40%) >26 37 (71%) 102 (76%) 2.7 22 (59%) 15 (41%) 10/37 (27%) NOTE. LGD cohort of individuals (harboring ≥1 squamous metaplasia, mild, or moderate dysplasia) is compared with HGD cohort of individuals (harboring ≥1 severe dysplasia whether or not accompanied by ≥1 LGD lesion). Progression rate to CIS or SCC and Ps are also shown.
↵* Including two never smokers.
Volume 11, Issue 2
