Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig. 1.
Patient treatment schematic with capecitabine and radiotherapy.
Fig. 2.Results of SSPCA. Kaplan-Meier plots representing all evaluable (n = 13), poor outcome (n = 6), and good outcome (n = 7) patient groups with median (A) TTP of 247 d (—), 199 d (
), and 300 d (
) and (B) OS of 430 d (—), 303 d (
), and 520 d (
), respectively.
- Fig. 3.
Heat map of the eight-gene expression–based predictor model of patient outcome to capecitabine and radiotherapy treatment.
Tables
- Table 1.
Demographics of the 18 enrolled evaluable patients
Characteristic Age, y Median 49 Range 18-78 Sex, n Male 15 Female 3 Karnofsky performance status, % Median 80 Range 60-100 Race, n (%) White 18 (100) Black Asian Histology, n (%) Glioblastoma multiforme 18 (100) - Table 2.
Genes associated with GBM patient TTP
Accession no. Gene Description Hazard ratio* P Capecitabine metabolism genes NM_001033 RRM1 Ribonucleotide reductase M1 2.30 0.002 NM_000110 DPYD Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase 1.23 0.002 NM_012474 UCK2 Uridine-cytidine kinase 2 2.14 0.004 NM_001905 CTPS CTP synthase 19.63 0.009 NM_004955 SLC29A1 Solute carrier family 29, member 1 1.06 0.010 NM_001953 TP Thymidine phosphorylase (ECGF1) 1.11 0.010 NM_001785 CDA Cytidine deaminase 1.66 0.020 Radiation response genes NM_002875 RAD51 RAD51 homolog 1.06 0.007 NM_002524 NRAS Neuroblastoma RAS 1.49 0.007 NM_005432 XRCC3 XRCC3 6.05 0.008 NM_012415 RAD54B RAD54 homolog B 1.21 0.009 NM_005732 RAD50 RAD50 homolog 1.62 0.009 NM_003401 XRCC4 XRCC4 1.28 0.010 NM_001641 APEX1 APEX nuclease 1 2.20 0.012 NM_000124 ERCC6 ERCC6 1.90 0.013 NM_014481 APEX2 APEX nuclease 2 1.74 0.018 NM_021141 XRCC5 XRCC5 2.48 0.019 NM_000251 MSH2 mutS homolog 2 37.50 0.022 NM_006297 XRCC1 XRCC1 1.35 0.023 NOTE: Cox regression analysis was used to assess the association between TTP and each individual gene expression value, adjusted for age and dose.
↵*Hazard ratio > 1: higher gene expression, shorter time-to-progression; hazard ratio < 1: higher gene expression, longer time-to-progression; hazard ratio = 1: no association.
- Table 3.
Genes associated with GBM patient OS
Accession no. Gene Description Hazard ratio* P Capecitabine metabolism genes NM_001921 DCTD dCMP deaminase 51.15 0.005 NM_003258 TK1 Thymidine kinase 1 156.73 0.006 NM_000110 DPYD Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase 1.21 0.006 NM_001033 RRM1 Ribonucleotide reductase M1 1.93 0.007 NM_001034 RRM2 Ribonucleotide reductase M2 1.04 0.008 NM_001905 CTPS CTP synthase 40.10 0.008 NM_012474 UCK2 Uridine-cytidine kinase 2 1.60 0.024 Radiation response genes NM_002875 RAD51 RAD51 homolog 1.08 0.003 NM_012415 RAD54B RAD54 homolog B 1.22 0.013 NM_006297 XRCC1 XRCC1 1.45 0.014 NM_004958 mTOR Mechanistic target of rapamycin (FRAP1) 6.55 0.020 NM_001274 CHEK1 CHK1 checkpoint homolog 1.74 0.025 NOTE: Cox regression analysis was used to assess the association between OS and each individual gene expression value, adjusted for age and dose.
↵*Hazard ratio > 1: higher gene expression, shorter survival; hazard ratio < 1: higher gene expression, longer survival; hazard ratio = 1: no association.
- Table 4.
Gene expression statistics for the poor outcome and good outcome patient subgroups
Gene Poor outcome Good outcome Fold change* P Ave. Min Max Ave. Min Max RAD54B 14.60 7.47 20.86 4.60 2.91 7.06 3.17 0.002 mTOR 1.95 1.24 2.51 1.00 0.64 1.37 1.95 0.003 DCTD 1.39 0.71 1.80 0.61 0.31 0.99 2.28 0.004 APEX2 5.98 2.83 7.29 3.16 1.79 5.15 1.89 0.006 TK1 0.70 0.46 1.17 0.24 0.06 0.72 2.96 0.006 RRM2 98.04 73.82 132.73 49.50 12.71 88.05 1.98 0.007 SLC29A1 58.12 31.15 83.04 27.99 16.52 56.60 2.08 0.015 ERCC6 4.90 2.49 8.54 2.07 1.08 3.11 2.37 0.029 ↵*Expression fold change relative to the poor outcome patient subgroup.
Supplementary Data
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Volume 16, Issue 10
