Factors predicting liver metastasis determined by Cox proportional hazards regression model
| Variable | Hazard ratio | 95% CI* | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yrs) | |||
| ≤65 | |||
| >65 | 1.1 | 0.63–1.8 | >0.2 |
| Gender | |||
| Male | |||
| Female | 0.8 | 0.36–1.7 | >0.2 |
| Preoperative CEA | |||
| ≤5 ng/ml | |||
| >5 ng/ml | 1.2 | 0.62–2.3 | >0.2 |
| Postoperative CEA | |||
| <5 ng/ml | |||
| >5 ng/ml | 1.3 | 0.23–4.1 | >0.2 |
| Tumor histology | |||
| Well differentiated | |||
| Moderately/poorly differentiated | 1.4 | 0.50–3.9 | >0.2 |
| Dukes’ stage | |||
| A/B | |||
| C | 2.1 | 0.81–5.4 | 0.18 |
| Preoperative TGF-β1 levels | |||
| ≤7.5 ng/ml | |||
| >7.5 ng/ml | 3.0 | 1.2–7.2 | 0.02 |
| Postoperative TGF-β1 levels | |||
| <7.5 ng/ml | |||
| >7.5 ng/ml | 9.5 | 3.7–24.6 | <0.001 |
a CI, confidence interval.